Holistic Urban Initiatives: Curitiba, Brazil Essay example

From 1890 to 1920, cities in the United States experienced a rapid growth that was unprecedented in years previous. This growth was caused by a number of factors and resulted in both positive and negative consequences. Such factors included, industrialization, technological advances, migration and immigration. Although American cities greatly improved by the expeditious urbanization, these factors also developed numerous challenges including pollution, sanitation problems, a need for environmental reform, political corruption, overcrowding, high crime rates and segregation.

Brazil was colonized in 1500 where among other adventurers, Portuguese Pedro Alvares Cabral landed with his fleet in Porto Seguro. The colonizers met Tupinamba Indians, one of the many native groups in the continent. The main goal of the Portuguese was to monopolize the trade of pau-brasil, which is the red wood made for making dye and gave the country its name. The other goal was establishing settlements in the country. The Portuguese first collaborated in harvesting the trees but later tried to enslave the natives, and many fled the country or died because of exploitation and disease. Over three million people fled after Cabral’s arrival and then the Portuguese turned to Indian and African slaves.

On Monday, April 13th, 2009, I visited the Culver City city council meeting, and found that they operate using a council-manager form of government. For a city with a population of about 38,000, this type of governmental structure is fairly common, and I was not surprised to see it in action in a community where the median household income is around $56,000 a year. Culver City is also a culturally rich community with a 60 percent Caucasian population, and a quarter of the residents are either of African American or Asian decent. The mayor, D. Scott Malsin, is one of five members on the council, and his term as mayor is on a rotating basis. Having been to a Hermosa Beach city council meeting with a similar council-manager structure, I knew

Toronto CMA has experienced a rapid growth in population during the past decades. The question is: will current ministry policies on planning cities suffice to keep the current standards of living if the growth in population continues with the same rate?

Afro Brazilians have had to deal with centuries of oppression. During these times, Afro-Brazilians have had to deal with various methods, and strategies designed to keep entire communities oppressed. Many of these methods have had effects so profound, they are still affecting many Brazilians till this day. Political oppression is one of the oldest methods known to man, along with unleashing a forceful police force mimicking military forces. Authoritarian rule also played a major role in the shaping of the country. Furthermore, an inept biased justice system will fail those who need protections, and justice the most. These four key modes will be objectively examined, as well as the efficacy of each of these repressive strategies, and the impact that they have had or still have in the Afro-Brazilian communities.

How successful has the regeneration of urban areas been given the variety of ways it has been undertaken (40 marks)

People who were once house workers in the countryside left to try get jobs in factories. Million migrant even crossed seas to try to get factory jobs. Industrial production led to a sever decrease in price of goods (Traditions & Encounters). Also, there were many comforts and conveniences that didn’t exist a few centuries ago (Rancilo, Document 3). As industrialization was getting bigger,

With regard to a mayor-council form, the system itself is based upon the presence of numerous factors which lead to the creation of a range of types which share one basic foundation. As suggested by the premise of this form of local government, the primary actors which come together to continue the sustenance of this framework include the mayor and the council, both of which must be elected (Center for Governmental Research 1). Consequently, the presence of these two parties within the wider framework entails the extent to which each actor holds a certain degree or extent of authority in managing the affairs of the city, this notion implies that the distribution of power and authority maybe classified as relative or absolute wherein it may favor the elected mayor or the elected council in terms of possession of power on the basis of the chosen variation of the mayor-council form of government.

In the 1800's through the 1900's machines and manufacturing in factories became big. So big in fact 65% of the population were farmers, then it shrunk to 25%. This was called industrialization.

Urbanization and Industrialization brought millions of people to growing cities, these growing cities were ill equipped to deal with growing population rate. While some might argue that Industrialization had primarily positive consequences for society because of a surplus of job opportunities, faster production, and more amenities, it was actually a negative thing for society. Industrialization’s negative effects were angersome working conditions, poor quality of life, and child labor.

In contrast to the independence movements of Spanish Latin America, Brazilian independence came simply and peacefully. The Portuguese royal family took refuge in Brazil in 1807. This transformed Rio de Janiero into a court city. The prince regent Joao addressed complaints of the locals that were similar to those of the Spanish Creoles. He made Brazil a kingdom in 1815. Soon, Brazil was more prosperous than Portugal. In 1820, a revolution occurred in Portugal and its leaders demanded that Joao's return to Portugal and Brazil's return to colonial status. Joao, who became

As a child develops into an adult there are critical developmental steps that are necessary for a complete and successful transition. The physical transition is the most obvious change, but underneath the thick skin and amongst the complex systems, exists another layer of transitions. Ideas, rationales, ideologies and beliefs all dwell within this layer of each being. It could be said that a nation can also fit this transitional framework. A nation grows in both size (wealth, population, power), and in ideological maturity (emancipation of slaves, civil rights, women’s rights…etc). This constant evolution of ideas and size is the foundation of a successful government. Without change and

Within 10 years of the rubber industries decline, the top economic boom and most self-sustaining boom for the country began. In the 1930s industrialization took over as the major economic force of the nation. As agricultural resources were no longer able to sustain a totally rural existence, the draw of jobs within factories in the cities brought many new employment opportunities for farmhands who were left out of work. The industrialization of Brazil and it’s abilities to mass produce items rather than just raw materials changed the face of the Brazilian economy. The boom continues today with the ability to change farming practices with mechanized equipment, Brazil has been one of the top food exporters in the

Strategic planning is concerned with the formulation and evaluation of urban development policies and the mechanisms put in place in for implementing those policies, whilst strategic planning in urban development is generally referred to as a process that allows the articulation of the initiatives of public and private stakeholders which seek synergies for the development of a city (Steinberg, 2003). The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of strategic planning for government administration and discuss the importance of strategic planning in cities. Strategic plans are typically long term plans that consider different scenarios in order to test assumption, set specific goals, investigate strengths and examine weaknesses. Derived

Most of these towns are evolving ones whose development the government seeks to intervene in the provision of public utilities like water, housing, schools, markets, good roads with street lights, health facilities like clinics or maternity homes and community centres among others. Our research has zoned in on Berekuso, in the Eastern