Homeostasis Report

Cells and molecules in the environment are constantly moving and changing, for cells to function properly there is a need for equilibrium to be met. The size of the cell and the solution outside of the cell affects the rate of diffusion and osmosis in the cell. Cells are constantly trying to reach an equilibrium with the molecules and substances around it, which is why there are such terms as: hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic. The procedures allowed testing of whether or not surface area or volume increased diffusion and how different substance control diffusion. Cells are constantly moving to reach equilibrium through diffusion and osmosis.

Homeostasis can be defined as the balance maintained by the body through negative-feedback to regulate internal conditions within a normal range promoting sustained good health (Seeley, 2006). Exercising initiates a process that propels the body out of its normal parameters, therefore triggering negative-feedback loops with the aim of bringing the internal balance back into homeostasis. Increased energy intensities created through exercise influence heart rate (bpm), respiration and perspiration levels. Each system strives to assist in generating sufficient energy to continue exercising and sustain homeostasis (Sherwood, 2015). Concluding that the body has to work harder in order to maintain the correct internal environment during exercising, it is reasonable to suggest that an increase in heart and respiration rates, as well as

Homeostasis is a characteristic of life in which all Living things maintain. some of the traits of Homeostasis are perspiration and some form of breathing and other natural body functions. An example of a negative feedback mechanism is a Thermostat If the heat is turned on and is set at 80 degrees the heat is turned on, If the temperature drops below 80 degrees, After the heater heats the house to 80 degrees, it shuts off keeping the desired temperature. An example of a positive feedback system is when a baby is born. while the mother is in labor, a hormone is released that boosts and quickens her contractions. The more contractions causes more of that Hormone to be let out and it continues to goes on until the

Osmosis is described in one of three ways when comparing more than one solution. The cell’s external and internal environment helps determine tonicity, which is defined as how the cell reacts to its environment. When the cell’s environment is equal in osmolarity to itself and there is no change, it is considered an isotonic solution. When the environment has a higher osmolarity, shrinkage occurs and it is considered a hypertonic solution. When the environment has a lower osmolarity, swellings occurs and it is considered hypotonic.

The concentration of dissolved substances is less in the extracellular fluid than in the cytoplasm. Hypotonic Solution Concentration of dissolved substances (solute) Concentration of water (solvent) What happens to an animal cells? Inside the cell Greater Less Outside the cell Less Greater Membrane

Some molecules can pass into the cell by facilitated diffusion. This is passive due to the nature of diffusion and because the solute is moving down its

Water molecules move into and out of the cell equally, and the cell’s shape does not change. Hypertonic solutions have a higher solute concentration outside of the cell, and hypotonic solutions have a lower solute concentration of solutes outside of the cell. Hypertonic solutions normally cause the cell to shrivel up because the water molecules move outside of the cell and

Homeostasis Homeostasis works to maintain the organism's internal environment, where the body's processes are able to function at a level that would allow life to continue in that organism. The three systems which are controlled by homeostasis are the respiratory, cardiovascular, and muscular systems. Changes to the cardiovascular system are often a result of changes in the activities of other systems.

A cell needs to perform diffusion in order to survive. Substances, including water, ions, and molecules that are required for cellular activities, can enter and leave cells by a passive process such as diffusion. Diffusion is random movement of molecules in a net direction from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration order to reach equilibrium. Diffusion does not require any energy input. Diffusion is needed for basic cell functions - for example, in humans, cells obtain oxygen via diffusion from the alveoli of the lungs into the blood and in plants water

Diffusion is an automated process by where the levels of oxygen, water and carbon dioxide pass over a ‘semi-permeable membrane’ between the walls of the cells and blood vessels to create a level environment. This membrane only allows these three elements to pass whilst retaining other elements such as blood cells, hence semi-permeable. The high concentration on one side of the cells transfers through this membrane until the level is equal on both sides.

The diffusion across a cell membrane is a process of passive and spontaneous net movement of small lipophilic molecules. The molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentrated region along the concentration gradient. The result being a point of equilibrium, this is where a random molecular motion continues but there is no longer any net movement. However, there are things that can affect the rate of diffusion, these being temperature, surface area, concentration, size of the molecule, permeability, diffusion distance and concentration difference. Osmosis is a type of diffusion as it is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration. Equilibrium is reached when the solute concentration is equal on both sides. Water potential is measured in kiloPascals, it is the measuring of the concentration of free water molecules that are able to diffuse compared to pure water, which is 0 kilopascals. It is a measure of the tendency of free water molecules to diffuse from one place to another. The result being, the more free water molecules, the higher the Water Potential. However, Water potential is affected by two factors: pressure and the amount of solute.

All cells contain membranes that are selectively permeable, allowing certain things to pass into and leave out of the cell. The process in which molecules of a substance move from an area of high concentration to areas of low concentration is called Diffusion. Whereas Osmosis is the process in which water crosses membranes from regions of high water concentration to areas with low water concentration. While molecules in diffusion move down a concentration gradient, molecules during osmosis both move down a concentration gradient as well as across it. Both diffusion, and osmosis are types of passive transport, which do not require help.

In osmosis, the flow of the water from or to a cell depends on whether the cell is immersed in a solution that is isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic to the solution. If the cell is isotonic to a solution, this means that the solute concentration of a cell and its environment is the same and therefore there will be no movement of water. If the solute concentration is lower than that of the cell, then water will flow into the cell, causing it to expand. If the solute concentration is lower than that of the cell then water will flow out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

In animal cells, the movement of water into and out of the cell is influenced by the relative concentration of solute

Within every cell, a movement of a solvent occurs through a semipermeable membrane to equalize the concentration of solute on both sides of the membrane. The diffusion of water across the cell’s membrane down to its concentration gradient is called osmosis. In this case, the concentration gradient is the difference of density between one side of the cell membrane to the other. Since the cell’s membrane is permeable, particles can flow freely in and out of the cell, but the net flow will be strong in the direction of lower concentration until the system has reached a stage of equilibrium, the point at which both sides of the membrane are equal. In the