Homeostatic Response Paper

The results of the experiment generally provided evidence in support of the hypothesis. The data collected for the heart rates of the subjects provided strong evidence in support of the hypothesis since Figure 1 illustrates an increase in the heart rates of all subjects during the exercise phase of the procedure. This increase is demonstrated by a general positive slope for the three lines during the exercise phase. The data for the carbon dioxide clearance and oxygen consumption also provided strong evidence in favor of the hypothesis. Figure 2 has a positive slope for all subjects throughout the exercise phase. Figure 3, however, has an initial positive slope for all subjects near the beginning of the exercise, but later levels off midway through the exercise. A potential explanation for this observation is that the body may have a limit on the volume of oxygen that can be inhaled per unit of time, even during physical stress. Another unusual occurrence in Figure 3 is the drastic increase in oxygen consumption for Subject 2 during the recovery phase.

: Homeostasis of the body or the existence of a stable internal environment inside of an organism is essential to life. Organisms maintain certain levels internally to sustain life, and often-outside factors can cause these levels to change in a manner not intended. Thus the body responds to the new stresses of the environment with auto- regulation, and extrinsic regulation through the use of positive and negative feedback loops in the body. In particular exercise evokes different reactions as the body undergoes stresses. In the experiment performed, the test subject was required to undergo changes in order to maintain optimal homeostatic conditions. In this experiment, skin color, perspiration level, body temperature, breathing rate, and heart rate were all monitored during the

The baseline value of this experiment was the PO2, PCO2 and Hb-O2 saturation during normal breathing. These baseline value (table 1) allow the comparison between different breathing patterns to normal breathing. The results (Figure 1, 2, 3 & table 1) of this experiment shows that breath-hold compare to normally breathing, mean PO2 decrease, mean PCO2 increase (figure 1) and mean Hb-O2 saturation slightly decrease (Figure 2). Moreover, comparing p values of breath-hold to breath-hold after hyperventilation, which is less than 0.05, meaning there is significant changes in mean PO2 and PCO2 (table 2), mean PO2 decrease, mean PCO2 increase (figure 1), and mean oxygen haemoglobin saturation increase (figure 2), the mean duration of breath hold decrease

A lasting respiratory system response to exercise includes numerous physiological variations. These adaptations eventually result in an increase in inclusive effectiveness of the respiratory system to collect, transfer and distribute oxygen to the working muscles. The long-term respiratory function is frequently measured with a VO2 max test that calculates your body’s ability for oxygen ingesting during maximal exercise. Through exercise and training, the effectiveness of the respiratory system and VO2 max improve. Jeremy Hoefs

Kyle performed a VO2 max test in which each stage lasted 2.5 minutes. He achieved his highest VO2 during the 4th stage at time 8:10min. His highest VO2 (L/min) recorded was 2.627. Peak heart rate (162bpm) was during the time in which he achieved his highest VO2 along with his highest VCO2 (3.457L/min) at 8:10min. The data collected showing 2.627L/min is Kyle's VO2 peak. VO2 max is described as a maintenance or slight decline of VO2 with an increase in exercise intensity. Since Kyle did not have an opportunity to increase intensity, in the form of Watts, we could not determine if his peak VO2 was a true VO2 max. His termination of the test was mostly likely due to peripheral fatigue by a cause of blood lactate buildup,

Every living organism is composed of cells. Cells consume Oxygen (O2) and produce Carbone dioxide (CO2). The respiratory system has for main function to provide the Oxygen (O2) and dispose of the Carbon dioxide (CO2) produce by the cells through the process of respiration. During exercise the demand of Oxygen (O2) and the production of Carbon dioxide (CO2) raises which affect the respiratory system. This essay will discuss the respiratory system and how it is affected by exercise (Tortora, G., Grabowski, S.,1996).

The purpose of this experiment is to find out the response of exercise on acute respiratory when working in high or low intensity.

The purpose of these experiment is to understand the coordination of cardiovascular and respiratory systems in controlling O2 and CO2 and acidity of the blood. As the heart rate is affected by the resting respiratory, the first hypothesis is when the heart is in the opposite side of its target cells, heart rate and blood pressure will increase. According the higher muscle oxygen need when exercise than normal, the second hypothesis is heart rate will increase when exercise and after that will subsequently return to baseline levels. The last hypothesis is that there is an obvious decline in heart rate during inhalation compared to exhalation.

Homeostasis is your body’s way of maintaining an internal balance through co-ordination of body systems, despite external and internal environmental changes. Stimulus- response is when the senses (taste, sight, etc) allow organisms to gather information about what’s happening in its environment. Once a sense is stimulated, a message is sent to the central nervous system to a part of the body which will do something. The endocrine and nervous system coordinate and control the body’s response to things. Negative feedback is a reaction that causes a decrease in functioning. Our investigation is to exercise and see if anything increases and how homeostasis works under stress. The investigation relates to the previous ideas because it is about homeostasis

Homeostasis is defined as a state of equilibrium in which our body’s systems work together to create an internal balance. Our bodies aim to keep everything at a constant condition or within a normal range. Homeostasis is required in all organisms in order for them to live. Homeostasis in our bodies is possible because the human body has sensors called receptors that monitor everything from temperature to blood pressure. These receptors look out for stimuli and sends the information found to control center or the brain. The control center then sends out signals to an effector which can be a muscle or an organ that will bring the body back to its normal range.

The homeostatic response is the equilibrium between the inside of the body and its external extremities. Exercise affects the body temperature, blood oxygen levels, sugar levels and hydration, it is vital for the body to maintain homeostasis. Without exercise the body maintains homeostasis by eating and drinking correctly. However, during exercise the body needs to have a constant supply of oxygen to the cells to support the moving muscles, “During exercise, your body needs to maintain a constant supply of oxygen in your cells to support your working muscles, which might need 15 to 25 times more oxygen than when they are resting” (Fisk, 2015). Due to this, the breathing rate increases, and keeps increasing the harder the body is being pushed.

Participant were instructed to complete three-five minute bouts of exercise on the cycle ergometer (Monark Ergomedic 828 E) at a cadence of 60 rpm. The first stage was performed at a resistance of 1kp, the second at 2kp and the third at 3kp. At the three minutes and thirty seconds into each stage the subject was connect to the mouthpiece apparatus and removed at the end of each stage. During the final minute of each stage one respiratory cycle was recorded using LabChart as many times as possible to ensure a better data sample to choose from. The best respiratory cycle recording was labelled and used to obtain PEF and PIF. All pertinent data was then transferred into Microsoft Excel to enable data

As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.

“Bicarbonate infusion and pH clamp moderately reduce hyperventilation during ramp exercise in humans”, executed and written by Francois Peronnet, Tim Meyer, Bernard Aguilaniu, Carl-Etienne Juneau, Oliver Faude, and Wilfried Kindermann was first published on September 7th, 2006. The purpose of the study was to test and determine if the decrease in plasma pH contributes to the hyperventilation observed in humans in response to high intensity workload. During the experiment, the plasma pH was the vocal point of this experiment where five healthy male subjects preformed a ramp exercise. The experiment was done to see if the reduction in plasma pH and the development of exercise hyperventilation is conclusive data to the hypothesis that says, “...Hyperventilation is a ventilatory compensation of the metabolic acidosis that develops at high workloads and could be triggered, at least in part, by the reduction in plasma pH.” (Journal of Applied Psychology) The plasma pH and the hyperventilation from exercise were the main focuses of the experiment and the end results data suggest that the decrease in plasma pH is one of the factors that contribute to the hyperventilation observed at high workloads. In the conclusion of the experiment, in the control situation, plasma pH decreased greatly below resting value and reached 7.270 at the conclusion opposed to 7.414 at a resting position. However, pH

With regular exercise the functioning of the lungs improved such that it was able to take in more air and provide the body with greater volume of O2 rich air, thus higher energy(ATP). This made doing everyday task easier and lowered the occurrences of getting "out of breath"2. Lung function can be measured by taking the values for lung volumes and capacities using the spirometer which notes exactly how much air is inhaled, exhaled and in how much time. If for example a person has asthma the measured spirometer values will be lower than the average because of airway hindrance caused by swelling or constriction of the airway due to allergen of asthma or other lung diseases3.