Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines

Although internal combustion engines are what powers most cars on the road today, its efficiency is very low. An average combustion engine today is only able to convert 20% of the thermal energy content of gasoline into doing mechanical work (3). Most of the energy is lost to heat which

Figs. 5(b) and (c) show the CO and THC emissions from the combustion of the four fuels under different BMEPs. The CO emissions from the combustion of all the four fuels decreased gradually with increasing BMEP. Under a small BMEP, the combustion temperature was generally low, and the CO emissions mainly came from the combustion in the cylinder low-temperature regions [43]; as the BMEP increased, the in-cylinder temperature increased and the CO emissions decreased. It can also be observed that CO emissions increased after the addition of n-butanol to pure diesel. This happens because n-butanol has a low cetane number and shows poor combustibility, and a larger portion of over-thin gas mixture was formed before the combustion, thus the combustion

gasoline and is therefore comparable to that of coal. Ethanol also has excellent anti-knock qualities due to its high octane number and a high latent heat of evaporation, which makes the temperature of the intake manifold lower. In addition to the effect of latent heat of evaporation, the difference in combustion products compared with gasoline further decreases combustion temperature, thereby reducing cooling heat loss. Reductions in CO2, nitrogen oxide (NOx), and total hydrocarbons (THC) combustion products for ethanol vs. gasoline are described.

An automotive engine extracts work from its chemical fuel by burning that fuel inside its cylinders and making the resulting burned gas do work on the engine. Most engines have at least four cylinders, each of which requires four strokes of the piston to extract work from the fuel. During the induction stroke, a piston moves out of the cylinder and the fuel and air enter it. During the compression stroke, the piston moves into the cylinder, compressing this fuel-air mixture to high density, pressure and temperature. An electric spark then ignites the mixture and converts it into extremely hot burned gas. During the power stroke, the piston again moves out of the cylinder while the hot gas does work on it. This work is what powers the car. Finally, during the exhaust stroke, the piston moves into the cylinder and

Abstract- Today’s environmental situation is continuing to spiral downwards; the ozone layer is receding, habitats being destroyed, and the air is being polluted. Scientists of every nation are researching ways to solve this problem. Due to automobiles sizeable contribution to the environmental crisis, studies are focusing on ways to reduce the harmful emissions caused by the internal combustion engines. Hybrid vehicles offer an alternative to powerful gas engines by providing the car with a secondary propulsion source powered by a strong battery. With this secondary power, car manufactures can reduce the size of the internal combustion engine, which accordingly reduces emissions and raises the vehicles miles

This total process takes less than half a second to complete, and enables vehicles to get to their destination. Reading this paper does not qualify the reader as a mechanic, but should give the person reading a better appreciation for the vehicle. It is always good to know the basics of a car so if the car ends up in need of repair, the owner can have some information and basic diagnosis. With the knowledge gained from this paper, a basic understanding should be gained on the process of an Internal Combustion

Hence, it is an urgent need for a country like India to search for an option to run CI engine using a different fuel than the conventional and petroleum based diesel and recently biodiesel, as CI engine fuel alternative, has received more attention among many other possible options. Biodiesel has also

In an (IC) engine the combustion of fuel occurs inside the combustion chamber in the engine.

In order for an internal combustion engine to operate correctly, a mixture of fuel and air needs to enter into the combustion chamber, pressurised and then ignited by a spark ignition which then drives the piston to rotate. The way that the fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber has evolved over the decades. Before electronic fuel injection, carburettors were the primary method of mixing air and fuel. Carburettors work on the Bernoulli’s principle: the faster the air moves, the lower its static pressure and the higher its dynamic pressure. The throttle actuates carburettor mechanisms which meter the flow of air being pulled into the engine, the speed of this flow and therefore its pressure determines the amount of fuel drawn into the airstream.

Although the internal combustion engine vehicle is the most popular vehicle type in the world it has serious problem relating to its exhaust emissions and the drown back of energy resources and high demand of petrol and diesel etc. the motor industry is trying to solve these kind of problem and developed many different kind of vehicle which use alternative energy, compressed natural gas, and solar energy, and electricity etc. The hybrid vehicle, which combines of the internal combustion engine and the battery.

The introduction of the combustion engine characterizes the Industrial revolution more than any other invention because it was used for anything from textiles to automobiles. Not only does the combustion engine characterize the Industrial Revolution, but it also characterizes pollution. Air pollution is in direct relation to air quality, for which we have certain standards (Vallero, 2007, p. 3). These standards can be interfered with, and a large amount of the pollutants that cause the interference come from combustion engines. In the combustion cycle of an internal combustion engine, a fire is created which burns fossil fuels such as diesel and gasoline. Although the fire is contained well, not all of the fuel is burned off and in turn is exhausted with the same chemicals that were

The isometric view of the combustion bowl sector is shown in figures 1 & 2. The two planes shown in the sector pass through the first site of auto-ignition. The vertical plane parallel to z-axis does not necessarily pass through the spray axis but could be located to either side of it depending upon the location of the first site of auto-ignition. The temperature distribution is similar on both the planes but the different angle in which both are being viewed is the reason for the different hues of same color. The white dot at the intersection of the two planes represents the first site of auto-ignition at which the temperature and equivalence ratio values also have been stated.

Currently, most vehicles on the road use internal combustion engines (ICEs). This type of engine has existed from as early as the 19th century, when Nikolaus Otto created the first 4-stroke cycle (Otto-cycle) system, which is still used in cars to this day. As of 2010, the vehicular population surpassed 1 billion (according to the research by Ward’s Auto [1]), meaning the IC engine is extremely widespread throughout the world. However, this does not mean that an IC engine is the most effective way of producing power for vehicles nowadays. They have many problems, which include but are not limited to increased fuel consumption and high CO2 emissions.

To achieving outstanding fuel economy, high torque output and to reduce the emission produced from the relatively small engine displacement an innovative injection technology has came in the early 1990’s. The use of hydraulic force to pressurize fuel for injection was innovative technology to advance the use of powerful, cleaner and

I C ENGINE is an engine, where the combustion of fuel ( in general fossil fuel ) occurs with an oxidizer ( usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit.