Honors Geoscience Summer Project Task 3

What does this graph show? __It shows for the most part, boy temperature was consistent as the air temperature changed.

The red lines along the edge represent the warm air rising, and the blue lines along the edge represent the cold air falling.

What is the overall tend observed in global temperatures over the past thirty years or so? What is the projected trend over the next few decades (if

7) Explain why temperatures on average become cooler and seasonality becomes greater as one moves from the equator toward the poles (use a diagram of the orbit of the earth

The most prominent characteristic that I observed from this climate graph is the drastic temperature change that occurs throughout the year. From February, the temperature begins to increase, and it continues to do so at a constant, steady rate until it reaches its peak of 17 to 18°C somewhere around July and August. From there, a steady pattern of temperature decrease can be observed, until it hits its lowest point at which the year started from: -8 to -7°C. The total overall temperature change, looking from these approximations, seems to be 25°C. The actual temperature range, calculated using the more accurately shown chart

As you gather data, you will see results represented by blue and red bars on the graph. What does each of these colors represent?

The first argument examined on the man-made global warning side is that increasing greenhouse gases caused by human activities is causing directly observed climate changes. The first resulting climate change discussed is warming global surface temperature. There has been an increase in global surface temperature of 0.74 degrees C since the late 19th century. In the last 50 years alone the temperature has increased by 0.13 degrees C per decade. North America and Eurasia have seen the largest increase in warmth. However, some areas of the earth have actually cooled some this past century (Easterling & Karl, 2011, para6). After the mid 20th century 70% of the global land mass saw reduced diurnal temperatures. From 1979 to 2005 the maximum and minimum temperatures have shown no change; both indicate warming (Easterling & Karl, 2011, para10). Furthermore, borehole temperatures, snow cover, and glacier recession data all seem to agree with recent warming (Easterling & Karl, 2011, para11).

It has been observed through various researches that in the last century, average temperatures across the globe increased by over 1.3°F with an increase of more than two times in the Arctic. (Bates, Kundzewicz, Wu, & Palutikof, June 2008). The results of climate change can also be seen in changing precipitation patterns, increases in ocean temperatures, changes in the sea level, and acidity and melting of glaciers and sea ice (USEPA, 2014).

According to Penn State University researcher Michael Mann “ the average global temperature was relatively unchanging in pre-industrial times but sky-rocketed since 1900, and will increase by several degrees more over the next 100 years. There is no convincing empirical evidence that past climate was unchanging, nor that 20th century changes in average global temperature were unusual or unnatural”.

As indicated by Graph 2, the water temperatures at 50 and 100 meters below sea level differed by ≈4±1 °C from each other, and decreased at similar slopes. The temperature at 100 meters below sea level remained colder than that at a 50-meter deepth. The water temperature at 200 meters below sea level remained ≈10±2 °C lower than that of the other two depth temperatures. From August 1 to August 15, the temperatures at 50, 100, and 200-meter depths remained mostly constant with no more than ≈1°C variations. A second consistency between the three depths was that all three graphs have positive slopes, from September 12 to September 26, which became negative from September 26 to October 10. In this time range, the

Overall, the sheltered temperatures were overall warmer between 11/4 and 11/10 showing an increase in the rate of temperature decrease relative to the ambient temperatures. However, the rate of temperature decline across the sample period did not vary significantly between the two climates (p = 0.37).

Trends in globally and annually averaged temperature when considering whether it was an El Niño year, a La Niña year, or a neutral year (no El Niño or La Niña event). The average global temperature is 0.4ºF higher in El Niño years than in La Niña years. However, all trends show the same significant increase in temperature over the past 45 years. The years for the short-term cooling effect following the Mt. Pinatubo volcanic eruption are not included in the trends. (Figure source: adapted from John Nielsen-Gammon 2012. Data from NASA GISS temperature dataset and Climate Prediction Center Niño 3.4

Observation summary: There is a greater degree of variability from the average in the temperature measurements of Seattle, when compared to the global average temperature

For over a hundred years, scientists have been carefully gathering and verifying data on the earth's temperature. The latest data reveals some striking trends:All 10 of the warmest years on record have occurred in the last 15 years The 1990's have already been warmer than the 1980's- the warmest decade on record The global average surface temperature has risen 0.5 degrees (site source)For the first time ever, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the authoritative international body charged with studying this issue, concluded that the observed increase in global average temperature over the last century "is

These represent the range of the sale price. Lastly, I used the formula to get the standard deviation 48,945.28, which measures the variability.