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Hope In John Steinbeck's The Grapes Of Wrath

Decent Essays

The Great Depression was a time of despair for many American families, as many of them were dispossessed, destitute, and starving to death. Hope was a mirage, a shiny image that stood just out of reach. People were dying, and nothing was being done about it. The Grapes of Wrath was born out of hopelessness, the novel was meant to be a cry for help for those who could not help themselves. Steinbeck uses images of struggle, desperation, and death to display how human greed has a hand in the failure of the American dream. Steinbeck creates a family that represents the struggling people during this time. The harrowing journey of the Joads is very similar to those who were forced to travel for survival. In this heart-wrenching novel, the Joads …show more content…

One of the largest examples of desperation is the shifting of the power structure within the Joad family. Ma Joad takes the head of the family out of desperation - she’s the only one in the family who is able to keep her head on straight while the family deals with the loss of their family members. When Granma dies, Ma lays with her there all night, quiet about it because she’s “afraid [they] wouldn’t get acrost [the California border]” (228). The family is “terrified at her strength.” (228) She has to be the strong one because nobody else can be. Pa Joad is angry and embarrassed, “Times is changed… Time was when a man said what we’d do. Seems like women tellin’ us now.”(352) He’s ashamed that he isn’t the one keeping the family straight, but he’s aware that in times of desperation, it is necessary to do whatever it takes to survive. Pa’s bark is worse than his bite, and even though he threatens to hurt Ma, “Seems purty near time to get out a stick.” (352) he won’t do it. As migrants were forced to the highway, like “ants in search of food.” (284) they brought their blazing anger along with them. They were angry at being treated like vermin, angry at the basic decencies that were denied to them, they were angry for starving and for dying. Desperate for food, they stormed facilities, protesting at the oppression that was suffocating them. The migrants were met …show more content…

The system lets these anguished people down, the American dream turned out to be nothing other than a shiny, gilded image that was inaccessible to them. Death lurks around every corner in this novel. At first, the Joads lose Grampa, he dies from “a good quick stroke,” (138) because he was forced to leave the land he’s been on for his whole life. It was too much for the poor old man. Then Granma dies of a broken heart. The family is once again shattered, the foundation that they’ve been struggling to balance on shifts, cracks, and splinters. To insert biblical tones and to lend more gravity to the situation of the dying migrants, Steinbeck adds baby Moses to the story. With Rose of Sharon playing as the Virgin Mary, she has a child, but it’s stillborn. “Never breathed, never was alive.” (444) Uncle John is tasked with burying the nutrient-starved baby. Instead, he floats it down the river in a basket. “The sack floated away in the water…” (448) His decision to float the baby down the river was to show people what they had done, that they were responsible for death. It’s a powerfully tragic way to end the book. The Israelites, the farmers, will never be free. The story, the suffering will never

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