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Horse Environmental Changes

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The environmental changes that took place throughout history caused species of animals to adapt to the changing conditions. One such animal where this is especially apparent is the evolution of the horse. In order to survive, horses evolved traits such as longer limbs, rigid teeth and others that allowed them the best chance of survival. Overall, it is apparent that the morphology of the horse changed due to environmental conditions, especially when studying the fossilized teeth, jaws, and limbs. One of the earliest horse species is known as Hyracotherium. It is believed that this species did not live on open grasslands like modern horses but instead, lived in thick, closed canopy forests. As we saw in lab, the teeth of Hyracotherium are rather pointed which indicates that the species was a browser of leaves and fruits in forests. Its small skull and rostrum also leads one to believe that it had a diet of these easily chewable foods found in closed canopy forests. In contrast, the modern horse has very flat rigid teeth which indicates the species is a grazer of grass. In class, one of the trends we observed was that phalange number decreased over time (Lab Data). An organism with more phalanges typically exhibits better dexterity, balance, …show more content…

This makes sense because if few muscles attach to the limbs, the total weight of the limb is reduced, allowing for increased speed. This kind of limb is very effective when it comes to transferring muscular energy into forward motion, allowing for incredible endurance (Lab Notes). It would enable horses to run away from predators. We also observed the formation of the hoof. Over time, the outer metatarsal decreased in length compared to the central metatarsal. Another trend we saw was that the central metatarsal increased in length over the course of history (Lab Data). This would further allow for increased speed, but less

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