Hospital Acquired Pneumonia Case Study

This paper explores Pneumonia and the respiratory disease process associated with bacterial and viral pathogens most commonly located in the lung. The paper examines the process, symptoms and treatments most commonly viewed in patient cases of Pneumonia. My goal is to educate the reader and to warn of the

Ventilator - associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common hospital acquired infection (HAI) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates for ventilated patients in intensive care units (Bingham, Ashley, Jong, & Swift, 2010). The VAP increases patients’ mortality rates, length of stay and hospital costs (Hiner, Kasuya, Cottingham, & Whitney, 2010). The VAP is the leading causes of death due to nosocomial infections and the

J., Cormier, S., & Meyer, T. (2012). Reduction in the Incidence of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Respiratory Care, 57(5). 688-696. DOI: 10.4187/respcare.01392

It was also noted that the patient had an influenza vaccine for this season, however a rapid influenza and RSV test were completed which resulted negative (Fahey, 2011). Fahey (2011) also discussed how difficult it is to identify organisms that cause pneumonia, and how cultures are not done a lot in the primary care setting (Fahey, 2011). A chest radiograph was ordered for suspected pneumonia and a confirmed diagnosis of left lobar pneumonia was received (Fahey, 2011). The most common organisms that cause pneumonia in children were discussed by age group (birth-3 weeks=group B streptococcus; 3 weeks-4 months= streptococcus or chlamydia pneumonia; 4 months-5 years=viruses and RSV in the younger than 2 year age group) (Fahey, 2011). It was discussed that pneumonia patients typically present with respiratory symptoms and fever (Fahey, 2011). This article also discussed the diagnosis of children older than 1 year is usually made through clinical/physical assessment, and it is not always possible to determine the pathogen causing the problem because cultures and lab work are not routinely done as an outpatient (Fahey, 2011). The requirements for the hospitalization of children were discussed, and the importance of practitioners using algorithms for CAP management

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the leading cause of death out of all hospital-acquired infections. Pneumonia that is acquired 48 hours or longer after at patient has been mechanically ventilated is considered hospital acquired. Endotracheal tubes provide pathogenic microorganisms’ with a direct access to the lungs where they can easily set up shop and cause deathly consequences for patients’ in the acute care setting. For example, the mortality rate of patients who have ventilator-associated pneumonia is 46% whereas unaffected intubated patients mortality rate is 32%. When ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) occurs in a patient(s), it often increases the amount of days a patient is on the ventilator and increases their overall hospital stay (Safe Care). The big problem with this is that VAP is costing hospitals

An article By Moran, Rothman, and Volturo (2013) examined the emergency management of community acquired bacterial pneumonia (CAP) and compared new aspects of treatment to the 2007 Infectious Disease Society of America/American Thoracic Society Guideline (Moran, Rothman, & Volturo, 2013). S. pneumonia was found be the cause of the most community acquired pneumonia, and S. aureus was a close second with its increase of incidence (Moran et al., 2013). Community acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus is now the most common organism found in soft tissue and skin infections (Moran, Rothman, & Volturo, 2013). An epidemiologic study revealed that 14% of patients with MRSA all had resistance to clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and levofloxacin; but none were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Moran et al., 2013).

Nonetheless, the aspiration of gastric substances is a severe problem in critically ill and ventilated patients receiving tube feedings.

Pneumonia is the cardinal clinical manifestation of Legionella infection. Legionella is typically rated among the most commonly identifiable pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in immunocompetent individuals and is also a frequent cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Suspicion should be increased in patients who are smokers, those with chronic lung disease and immunocompromised individuals. [1,2 I]

There are at least 30 different causes of pneumonia but the most common cause is “bacterial pneumonia” streptococcus pneumonia.

This is an older adult with a risk factor for pneumonia as enumerated in the case scenario. Some of the risk factors stated in the case scenario are as follows: The patient age, current exposure to his granddaughter who had an upper respiratory infection and the patient recently had a cold. According to Woo & Robinson, “pneumonia should be considered in any patient who presents with respiratory symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, or sputum production" (2016). When an older patient with more than one risk factor presents with “not feeling well”, and an increasing fatigue, I will be more concern about pneumonia. Moreover, the patient forgot a lunch scheduled with her daughter, which showed an episode of confusion. The patient also has a fever, cough

another bacterial infection is Pneumonia which is a lung infection occur when lungs’ air sacks inflamed, also These sacs can fill with fluid, cellular debris and pus. This disease also can cause by virus and fungi. Bacterial pneumonia include only one small section of the lung, or it can encompass complete lung. Pneumonia works to make you difficult to get sufficient oxygen to your blood which in turn make cells not work properly. the infection produced by Streptococcus pneumonia bacteria. these bacteria spread through coughing, sneezing, and direct contact with an infected person. futhermore there are other bacteria can caused oneumonia such as Staphylococcusaureus , Moraxellacatarrhalis, Streptococcuspyogenes, Neisseriameningitidis. The

The Cost of Pneumonia Care of Medicare patients remains high and is effecting Summa’s quality ratings.

Pneumonia is an inflammatory lung disorder where tiny air filled sacs in the lungs that absorb oxygen from the air and fill with fluid or pus. Inflammation causes the person to not get enough oxygen into the bloodstream to supply the body with oxygen and nutrients. Pneumonia can spread from the lungs into the bloodstream and infect the organs and may lead to death. There are over thirty different causes of pneumonia it is not a single disease. Most causes of pneumonia are caused by bacteria, viruses, or chemical injury to the lungs. Food, saliva, or dust can accidently get in the air way. If the physician thinks that the patient has pneumonia the doctor will use a bronchoscope to examine the lungs and the airway for inflammation, swelling, obstruction, and other abnormal signs. The physician may remove a small piece of the lung for a biopsy and prescribe medicine to fight and bacteria or infection that maybe in the lungs. This disease is very interesting to me because my grandfather suffered this

We can define what pneumonia is and who it affects, but what happens to those with pneumonia? Depending on the type of pneumonia, symptoms vary. Bacterial pneumonia causes high fever, chills, rapid breathing, cough, chest pain when breathing and coughing, nausea, tiredness, and other symptoms. Those with atypical or mycoplasma pneumonia, symptoms include dry

Pneumonia is a term used to refer to the inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs. It can affect the right or left lung air sacs and at times both are affected. Pneumonia occurs when one breathes germs into their lungs. The lungs function is to remove carbon dioxide from the bloodstream and deliver oxygen to the blood. Pneumonia starts when fungi, bacteria and viruses are introduced into the lungs when a person inhales. The natural immune system responds to these foreign bodies in the air sacs of the lungs by inflammation. Fluids and pus from the inflammation may collect in the lung and in the usual process of gaseous exchange in the lungs.