1. There are multiple definitions of disease. Christopher Boorse’s definition of disease is “Deviations from the natural functional organization of a typical member of a species.” George Engel’s definition of disease is “Disease can be influenced by psychological, environmental and social factors. Genes, viruses, illnesses, and other physiological pathologies cannot explain all disease.” (Freaks and the Medical Body PowerPoint, slides 5 & 6) The construction of disease is related to the concept of “freak.” It is related to the term freak because we often feel like those that have some sort of disease are “not like us” which makes them stand out in society. People also feel as if they cannot relate to them, which also gives them a “freakish” …show more content…
Because Hottentot Venus and the Zulu’s were part of the minority group, African Americans, they were often discriminated against. They were also treated more like animals and less like humans. Hottentot Venus was forced to perform, even while she was clearly ill which presents her as more of an animal and less like a human who is entitled to basic rights. A few people that came to see Hottentot Venus could tell that she was feeling degraded, but she complied to her masters wishes. The Westerners did not treat Hottentot Venus and the Zulu’s with the respect that they deserved as humans. The minority groups were considered different from everyone else, which gave them a “freakish” quality. After Hottentot Venus died, they dissected her body primarily for entertainment purposes, because of her large rear, but also educational purposes. African Americans were looked so lowly upon in society that many did not care if their bodies were stolen from the grave for dissection. (Hottentot Venus and Race and Power lecture) This view of African Americans is considered a more social …show more content…
An example of that would be drapetomania. Drapetomania is a fictional disease that salve owners concocted. It is said that drapetomania causes salves to run away. (Disease PowerPoint, slide 13) This term is also a good example of pseudoscience. If we call someone a freak or diseased, it tries to deny him or her accountability as ethical agents, in order to gain more control over them. Drapetomania could be argued that there are both social and physical aspects of labeling someone as a freak. It is a physical aspect because African Americans were often a minority in society so by adding a label such as drapetomania, it lowered their status in society making them more of an outcast and freakish. It could be viewed as a social aspect because it took away from what little social status African Americans had at the time. It also appeared to society that the slaves were running away because they were merely a freak or had a disease. Racism is a socially constructed idea. Society did not consider the fact that someone was running away because of the poor treatment they were being shown. Society also considered slavery a practice which also ties into Bogdan’s definition as to how freak is
They were examined by surgeons and those who passed the examination were marked with a hot iron burn which distinguished where they would be sent. This shows how Africans were treated more similar to animals than human beings.
As long as there are diseases there will be questions. These questions range from where did this disease originate? How did the disease form and
A disease is something that carries a negative connotation, when one looks it up the first thing that comes up is the word disorder, however, with time that negative allusion can turn into one that is not necessarily positive, but content and accepting. In the essays “On Being a Cripple” by Nancy Mairs, and “Living Under Circe’s Spell” by Matthew Soyster, they both tell their story of living with the disease multiple sclerosis. Although these essays are similar in that, they strongly differ by the opinions they present about the disease. “Living Under Circe’s Spell” expresses Soyster’s hard feelings about having MS, and how it ruined his life. On the other hand, “On Being a Cripple” tells how Mairs has come to terms with the disease and even
Discrimination among the Africans brought them hardships and times of disparity. For centuries, Africa and its people were damaged and destroyed by the slave trade, causing people today to have a false impression of the African
As society has progressed towards non violence, racism has changed into a different form, with harsher psychological effects. A main cause of this psychological effect of racism is the stereotyping that society has accepted as normal (Anderson). Although it may be unintentional, it is easy to deny stereotyping exists, but difficult to prove that it does not exist. As Griffin recounts, “white society had everything sewed up. If you didn’t...say yes, you were in deep trouble. If you did, then you allowed [them] to go...on believing in the stereotype” (Griffin 167). He explains the idea society had created of a “good Negro” and a “bad Negro,” and reveals that African-Americans
Black women’s bodies have always been seen as different. They are deemed as exotic and highly sexual because of the protruding nature and curvaceous shape of their hips, butts, and breast. An example of this exoticism and ridicule can be traced back to the early 1800s. Sarah Baartman, also known as the “Hottentot Venus” became an object of fascination, degradation, and humiliation. Her features were not foreign to Khoisan Women. However, the Europeans who kidnapped her and the people who went to view her body as an exhibit could not believe how big her butt, breast, and hips were. Sarah did not fit into the white standardized image of the body, so her body was seen was unnatural and even un-human. One online magazine writer asserts that, “what
So let’s start out by medically defining what a disease is. The Merriam-Webster dictionary (2003) defines a disease as: “an impairment of the normal state of the living
Like the world around us the medical field is always changing. It is always pushing forward, trying to understand mysteries of the human body that have boggled researchers for decades. What confuses scientists more, are the organisms or conditions that create these abnormalities that can send the human body into a downward spiral. Disease is something that has affected human civilization since the dawn of time. It can either be chronic or acute, but in either case it has the potential to bring havoc to the human body systems that can lead to devastating consequences. Generally there are two main types of diseases, ones caused by invading pathogens and those which are hereditary. One hereditary disease that can be particularly tragic is
In the Era of Enlightenment, 1750’s, African women women faced great danger and threats from their white masters. They were at great risk of getting raped and it was common for them to be treated as sex objects for
A disease is a disorder in a human, animal or plant that produce physicals symptoms that do not allow the body to act how it would without a disease.
Pseudo-science or stereotypes are terms associated with scientific racism. The meaning of scientific racism is the use of pseudo or “fake” scientific techniques and hypothesis by justifying inequalities between natural groups of people through scientific evidence. The first theory of scientific racism is that natural groups of the human species are different overall worth, the second theory is that science provides a reference of authoritative knowledge. The term pseudoscience refers to work that claims to be an authority of science, although it being systematically flawed.
Therefore the many different terminologies of illness, there may be, the definition of it will always be seen as how it defines the social worlds of the ill and it affects everything that is connected with them. Referring to this definition, all types of illnesses, for example; epilepsy can be seen in the many different views it is perceived as in cultures and how its origin lead to society’s understanding what the illness really is. In many cultures and religions around the world, illness can be portrayed as many factors that circumference both the cultures and religions of the world. An example of one factor is spirituality, in meaning that spirituality surrounding a certain type of illness has many different meanings within the cultures.
Mental illnesses are not diseases because they are not a physical illness so they can not be a disease. If we can not see this so called disease you have then why should we believe it is even there. Just because you went to the doctor and they said you have a mental illness does not mean that you have a disease. Cancer is a disease depression and bipolar disorder are not. Since it does not show then how could it be a disease when someone gets cancer they normally go through chemo and when they go through that their hair falls out and you have no physical signs of an illness. It is all in your
Another example is the scientific racism; this comes out when they start to measure brains and other body parts to compare it to animals. Whites are seen as advantaged, and non-whites are inherently viewed as poor, uneducated, violent criminals.
The simple fact that it was these renowned scholars who were writing about Africans in a denigrating manner made racial prejudice very deeply engraved in European. For someone in Europe during the classical and antiquity era, if worshipped writers said that Africans are strange wild