How A Polymer Is Important Class Of Reinforcement

In the specimens, all showed a brittle fracture due to how the stress vs strain slope looked and where the Ultimate Tensile Strength was located. Also, how the composited specimens failed look consistent that there were any defects in the specimens. The 0°/90° carbon/epoxy specimen failed in the longitudinal direction because of how the fibers were aligned in that direction. The two ±45° glass/ epoxy specimen failed in the 45-degree direction do to how the fibers were aligned in the specimens. These failures would make sense because composites fail when fiber become unconnected so the epoxy failed first and then cause the fibers to fail next. The fibers individual are weak but when are combined and form a pattern with other fibers is how the strength

For bio-composite, is a composite material formed by a “matrix” and “reinforcement” of natural fibers. These materials are often mimic the structure of the living materials involved in the process keeping the strengthening properties of

reinforcing phase and the one in which it is embedded is called the matrix . The reinforcing phase material may be in the form of fibers, particles, or flakes. The matrix phase materials are generally continuous. Examples of composite systems include concrete reinforced with steel and epoxy reinforced with graphite fibers, etc.

Epoxy resin is most widely used as a matrix for advanced structural composites due to their superior thermal, electrical and mechanical properties; chemical resistance and dimensional stability. Epoxy is also used as surface coatings and most widely used as industrial finishes and provides flexibility, superior adhesion and corrosion resistance when

I will be explain and discussing about polypropylene, polypropylene is a thermoplastic polymer that can be used in a big variety of applications including ropes and thermal carpet. An addition polymer is made from the monomer propylene, it contains unusual resistant to many solvents of chemicals, acids and bases. The properties of polypropylene is it is resistant to alkalis and acids, it is also high tensile in strength.

They are mixtures of materials with different physical and chemical properties, in composite material one of the materials are matrix and the other are filler. The matrix can be polymers, metals or alloys.

Composite materials are defined as materials that are created from two or more components with considerably different chemical or physical properties. They are designed in such a way, that when combined together, can produce materials with characteristics completely different from the component being as an individual. The new materials may be used and desired due to its positive reasons such as:

The benefits of composite over metal structures are making composites the best option. Certain benefits can lower production costs; material is improved from morphing of aircraft structures, corrosion does not happen in composites which lead to longer lifetime, the overall production cost of the aircraft becomes lower due to the aircraft being lighter and increases lift for the improved performance out of the aircraft. Research like this tends to have positive effects on different commercial products such as cars and houses. A question that comes up “why hasn’t composites been utilize earlier”, the answer is technology has finally been able to make composites at affordable prices and the knowledge of materials has increased to a point where it could be applied properly. Composites materials are still in early stages of development, but are being applied in aircraft currently to learn more how they function. As the understanding improves of composites, the application of materials is increased in aircraft structures.

Higher cross-linking and molecular mass strengthen the polymer. Crystallinity increases strength as the secondary bonding is enhanced when the molecular chains are closely packed and parallel. Pre-deformation by drawing increases strength by orienting the molecular chains. For undrawn polymers, heating increases the tensile modulus and yield strength, and reduces the ductility.

Aerospace design applications rely heavily on weight reduction, structural integrity and optimize performance. Engineers and designers have adopted carbon fiber composite due to its high modulus reinforcement fibers embedded in an epoxy matrix.

Tensile test for composites was conducted according to ASTM D 638 - 99, with a Universal Testing Machine (Zwick Co.). Tensile test was carried out at crosshead speed of 50mm/min at room temperature.

The two most common reinforcement layouts used in the manufacturing of GFRP are woven rovings and chopped strand mat. Woven rovings are made up of long glass fibres aligned in the resin matrix and interwoven in two perpendicular directions, resulting in an in-plane orthotropic material of increased specific stiffness in the directions of the glass fibres. Chopped strand mats are made up of randomly distributed discontinuous short fibres which form a quasi-isotropic layup of

FRP composites having superior material properties when compared with metals, improved corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, less weight to strength ratio and high fracture toughness. Hence GFRP composites frequently used in several applications like sports goods, racing car bodies and aerospace components [1]. Often composite products manufactured by near-net shapes. The components made by secondary machining processes are involving to get good dimensional accuracy and geometrical shapes done by turning, drilling

A nanocomposite is multiphase material consist one of the phases has one, two or three dimensions of less than 100 nm. Polymer nanocomposities have existed for decades. Term “nanocomposites” first appeared in 1994[Lan & Pinnavaia (1994), Lan et al. (1995), Giannelis(1996)]. After this a lot of researches started on the field of various fillers. Due to increased demands for the improvement in the performance of polymer materials led to emergence of new technologies.

has high density; and this increases density of concrete as well as dead load of