How An Animal Maintains A Stable Internal Environment

Glucose is the main source of energy in cells. It is soluble in water meaning it would increase the concentration of a cell contents and draw water in by osmosis. It is therefore converted into a storage product, starch, which;

When exercising, the body undergoes a series of changes that are maintained through the process of homeostasis:

unit 5 P5- Explain the concept homeostasis with reference to the control of heart rate, breathing rate, body temperature and blood glucose.

Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a fairly constant interval environment. Homeostatic mechanisms help us to be independent of our external environment. It helps us regulate our body temperature, pH, concentration of dissolved substance in the body fluids, concentration of glucose in blood, concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and body fluids, blood pressure and concentration of metabolic wastes. Without it, we wouldn’t be able to survive and adapt to our environment.

Homeostasis is a biological process that maintains a constant internal environment, regardless of what is going on in the external environment. This process ensures the bodily functions and chemicals are kept in a state of balance which in return allows the body to function optimally. Homeostasis requires coordination of the hormonal (endocrine system) and nervous systems, which together regulate the activity of the body’s organ systems. The regulatory activities are constantly adjusted in response to stimuli (change) from both the internal and external environment. A change influenced by the external environment can cause a state in the body that will take it away from the normal, the body will act to counteract this change and return the internal environment back to a steady state. This is negative feedback. Negative feedback has a stabilising effect reducing changes from a set point and returning internal conditions to a steady state. Most body systems e.g. controlling blood glucose levels, obtains homeostasis through negative feedback which makes the negative feedback system critically important in obtaining homeostasis. However there is also positive feedback which is a system that results in the escalation of a response to a stimulus. It causes instability in the system and is used when there is a specific outcome required. Positive feedback ceases once the natural resolution is reached e.g. baby is born, pathogen is destroyed, blood clot forms. This system is not used

First glucose is broken down in the process called glycolysis, then the pyruvate molecules are moved to the mitochondria, when this is happening the pyruvate molecules are converted into 2-carbon molecules these molecules then enter the Kreb Cycle. Moving on the energy created will now enter the electron transport chain, this energy will then produce ATP. The reactants are glucose and oxygen and the products are ATP, water, and carbon dioxide. During the Cellular Respiration glucose is being oxidized, along with carbon. On the other hand Oxygen, NAD+ and FADH are being reduced in Cellular Respiration.

Glucose is an important metabolic substrate for the growth and development of cells as it is an important metabolic substrate for most living things and is an energy source for many cells throughout the body. (1) Specialised cells in the pancreas, called beta cells, detect glucose in the bloodstream and release insulin so that glucose can enter cells down he concentration gradient.

In order for our bodies to function effectively, there is a series of events that occur at the biological and chemical level in our bodies. These events enable the human body to withstand various stresses that may be imposed on our bodies. These “events” that occur are more specifically known as the process of homeostasis. In this essay I will be discussing the process of homeostasis and how homeostasis works. Furthermore, I am discussing thermoregulation, osmoregulation, sugar regulation, and negative feedback which are all components of homeostasis.

In this assignment I will be explain the concept of homeostasis and how it is used in the body. Homeostasis is when the body attempts to maintain an internal balance. Homeostasis is the maintain of constant internal conditions. All living organisms regulate their internal environment and show homeostasis to some extent. It maintains the levels of a wide range of features such as temperature, PH, water potential and blood glucose concentration. Many of these mechanisms rely on negative feedback. This is the process in which departure from the set level is detected by receptors. Homeostasis is the conditions inside the body must be controlled within narrow limits. These conditions include water content, ion content, and body temperature and blood glucose concentration. They are controlled by the stimulation from the nervous by chemical receptors in the blood and the hormones. Regulating the function of organs in the body, these help the glands to maintain the body homeostasis. Influences the cells, organ and the function of our bodies. The system looks after our growth, development, tissue function, metabolism and the sexual, reproductive process. Homeostasis controls the body temperature control, pH balance, water and electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and respiration. It is mostly affected in heat, cold, moisture, dryness, nourishment or deprivation, what you eat, when you eat and proper digestion and elimination all affect what

Homeostasis- biological term meaning ‘same state’- is the maintenance of a stable internal environment, despite fluctuations in the external environment. The stability is maintained through dynamic equilibrium. If dynamic equilibrium is unable to effectively counteract the effects of an external change on an internal environment, there are systems in place- internally- that also act as regulators, such as a negative feedback system. There are 3 components in a homeostatic system: The receptors, the control centre and the effectors. Receptors are structures that detect changes in an external environment- IE mammals have sense organs such as eyes, ears, pressure receptors etc.,- and respond by communicating with the control centre, the Hypothalamus,

To be able to achieve the homeostasis, any change or variations (stimuli) in the internal environment need to be detected by receptors. If a response is required this needs to be communicated to effectors to bring about some type of change or correction receptors identify change inside and outside of your body. These special type of nerve cells may be located in sense organs such as your ear, nose, tongue and skin. Different type of receptors respond to particular stimuli. Once a stimulus has been detected by a receptor a message in the form of a nerve impulse travels to the central nervous system such as the brain and spinal cord. It is here that the message in processed to determine which response will be appropriate. A message is then sent to an effector. Effectors such as muscles or glands revive the message from the central nervous system to respond in a particular way. Their response depends on the original stimulus. For example,

Every living cell in the body requires energy for survival. Typically, energy is stored in the form of ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate), and in order for this energy to be created it needs glucose (sugar). The cells in the body depend on glucose for energy; however, there is no direct pathway for sugar to reach most cells in the body. Thus, the pancreas consumes all of the sugar intake from the food that has been eaten and

amounts of glucose are taken up by cells of the body to provide energy for cellular functions.

energy. When a person consumes food with sugar, the sugar is broken down into glucose. Glucose is used as an energy source for the body and is transported throughout your blood into the cells by insulin. Without proper amounts of insulin, your body is unable to use the glucose as

The purpose of blood glucose regulation is to maintain the levels of blood sugar in the body at homeostasis. As humans, our bodies rely on our blood glucose levels to be maintained within a very small range (approximately between 5mM and 10mM). It is important for blood glucose levels to remain stable and within these approximate boundaries because the brain and body struggle to function properly outside of this range. Insulin and Glucagon are both pancreatic endocrine hormones secreted from the pancreas in order to maintain homeostasis in blood glucose regulation. It is the production of these hormones that is necessary in humans in order to prevent diseases such as diabetes or hypoglycemia from developing.