How Are Genes Affecting Huntington's Disease?

Every cell within the body contains this entire set of chromosomes, which have bases arranged to form a code (Appai-Kubi). The four bases, cytosine, adenine, guanine, and thymine, interact to form the fundamental structure of DNA (Appai-Kubi). Huntington’s Disease is found on the fourth chromosome, with a sequence known as the “CAG repeat,” (Appai-Kubi). In someone who is not afflicted, the number of CAG repeats ranges from 10 to 28 (Sheth). Typically, more than 35 repetitions of CAG is associated with Huntington’s Disease, however, there are cases with people having up to 39 repeats not having the disease (Appai-Kubi). As the gene is passed on through families, the number of repeats generally increases, and with an increased number of CAG repeats, the earlier the symptoms develop (Sheth). This characteristic of the disease allows it to be tested for, by testing the frequency of CAG on chromosome 4 (Appai-Kubi.) During pregnancy, a woman can test for Huntington’s Disease in two ways; either amniocentesis, taking fluid from around the fetus, or by CVS, taking a sample of fetal cells from the placenta (Genetic Learning Center). A genetic test after birth can confirm the diagnosis after a series of neurological and psychological tests (Genetic Learning Center). Huntington’s Disease is inherited through an autosomal dominant pattern; meaning that whoever inherits the faulty gene will develop the disease throughout their lifetime (Genetic Science Learning

Huntington’s disease is a disease with symptoms that appear between the ages of 30 and 50. Symptoms include: the incapability to walk, difficulty in swallowing, contractions of the face, paranoia, and changes in personality to name a few. The disease can last up to 15 years, and it ultimately causes death. Purdy stated that this disease can be thought to be equal to any other impactful genetic disorder or disease. With that being said, Purdy declared that a disease like Huntington’s demonstrates why it is immoral for a mother to conceive when she knows that her child will later be prone to an early death or debilitating symptoms. Purdy states that parents that are risk for Huntington’s disease and other genetic diseases and disorders have a moral responsibility to not have children that will be affected with genetic diseases or disorders. Purdy again refers to the medical advancements that are present that will detect genetic diseases, defects, or disorders. Ultimately, Purdy believes that with the medical advancements that detect genetic diseases, parents should not have children that will be prone to genetic

Huntington's disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder. It is passed on to children from one or both parents (though two parents with Huntington's is extraordinarily rare) in an autosomal dominant manner. This is different from autosomal recessive disorder, which requires two altered genes (one from each parent) to inherit the disorder.

The genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in the DNA segment CAG found in chromosome 4 which results nerve cell death. Phenotypic characteristics include gradual motor dysfunction, psychological issues that correlate to degeneration of metal health, and cognitive degeneration. Studies on transgenic mice have allowed a better understanding of the proteins that relate to Huntington’s

Huntington’s disease destroys the organs that carry the functions of the central nervous system. Kalat (2013) states, “Huntington disease (also known as Huntington disease or Huntington’s Chorea) is a severe neurological disorder that strikes about 1 person in 10,000 in the United States” (A.B. Young, 1995, p. 258).Individual’s develop the symptoms in their middle age, but even if it is a rare disorders juveniles as well as children before the age of ten can develop the disease. Huntington’s disease is hereditary disease that is passed on from a parent. Huntington’s disease is of the lack of the chromosome 4, if one of the parents carries the gene, they can pass that gene to their

An example of a dominant genetic disorder is Huntington’s disease or HD. Huntington’s disease affects the brain and causes the nerve cells in the brain to breakdown. Once the nerve cells are affected, a person’s physical and mental state will start to deteriorate. Huntington’s disease is incurable and affects people from 30 to 50 years old. Once a person has had HD for more than 10 years, the

Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder, which is found on the # 4 chromosome. George Huntington discovered it in 1872. It mainly has an effect on the nervous system. There are around 210,000 bases between D4S180 and D4S127. The disease itself is found in 2% of people in their childhood, and in 5% of the people they were older then 60. (Miller p 16) In the majority of the affected people the disease is detected between the ages of 35-45. In males the disease begins around the time of their childhood. However, in females it begins later in life. This severe symptom has a tendency for the condition to worsen as it is passed on from generation to generation. Huntington’s disease is paternally

Genes are gifts, or sometimes curses, given by our parents that not only affects the way we look, but also how we think and act. A genetic disease can be defined as an abnormality in an individual's genome and can vary in intensity from a discrete mutation of a single base in the DNA of a gene to a whole addition or subtraction in a set of chromosomes. Huntington’s Disease is an example of a genetic disorder in which nerve cells in the brain break down over time. It is a problem which occurs in every nation of the world. Passed from parent to child, a mutation in the normal gene is at blame for the serious conditions of this disease. More than 15,000 Americans have

Huntington’s disease is a hereditary disorder that affects a person’s nervous system and kills brain cells. It is caused by a defective gene on chromosome four, which is one of the chromosomes that holds our genetic code. This disease has been known to cause problems with the body’s abilities to produce energy from nutrients taken in from the body. Patients that have more advanced stages of Huntington’s Disease commonly experience increased weight loss.

Huntington's disease is caused by a faulty gene. They are made up of DNA and packed onto strands called chromosomes. We have two copies of all our genes, so our chromosomes are in pairs. We have forty six chromosome’s which is twenty three pairs. The faulty gene that causes Huntington's disease is found on chromosome number four. The normal gene produces a protein called huntingtin but the faulty gene contains an abnormal area of what are called CAG repeats. This area is larger than normal and it produces a mutant form of the protein huntingtin. Cells in certain parts of the brain especially the basal ganglia and parts of the cortex are sensitive to the effects of the abnormal huntingtin therefore this makes them function poorly and eventually

The gene HTT is located on the short arm of chromosome 4 and is present in everyone; however, it is the mutation of that gene that causes Huntington’s disease. The mutation presents as an error in the CAG repeat equal to additional repeats more than is normal. Normal genotypes have less than 36 CAG repeats, anything above 36 results in an unstable gene (Scott, 2011). If a person has 36 to 39 repeats, he or she is genetically considered to have Huntington 's, but may not develop the symptoms of Huntington 's; however, his or her offspring will definitely have a great probability of developing symptoms (Scott, 2011). A person with 40 or more repeats

What is huntington's Disease? How can I get it? Should I be tested? Is there a cure? These are all really good questions a lot of people would ask about Huntington's Disease. Huntingtons Disease is a brain disorder in which you get from genetics. This means you can only get this disease if somone in your family has had it. Usually you start seeing the symptoms from the ages of 30-50. Huntington's Disease is deadly. I am 30 years old and my father had this disease. Should I get tested for it?

HD is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disease which usually manifests itself between 30 and 45 years of age . It's characterised by a loss of motor control, jerky movements, psychiatric symptoms, dementia, altered personality and a decline in cognitive function. As the disease is adult onset, many people have already had children before they are diagnosed and have passed the mutant gene onto the next generation. In 1983, a genetic marker linked to HD was found on Chromosome 4, making it the first genetic disease to be mapped using DNA polymorphisms. However, the gene was not finally isolated until 1993

In 1983 the Huntington disease gene, discovered as 4p, was the first to be mapped to a human chromosome without any prior indication of the gene location; furthermore, ten years later with the pathogenic mutation identified as a CAG-repeat, an ongoing debate for predictive testing of the disease is

Huntington 's disease (HD) is basically neurological disorder that is triggered by a genetic mutation in the IT15 gene. Major characteristics of this disease are cognitive motor, psychiatric functions and advanced cell death in cortex and striatum. Certain important insights have emerged from the animal models that are related to the disease pathology and results of therapeutic strategies. A number of research studies have been conducted up till now and the majority of which have focused upon the use of toxin-induced models while studying the cell death, excitotoxicity and mitochondrial impairment. All of such models are based upon the quinolinic acid and 3-nitropropionic acid respectively. The huntingtin mutation was discovered in 1993 and this finding became the basis of newer models where similar genetic defect is incorporated in these newer models. It has been reported by Pouladi (2013) that the major reason behind the development of such animal models is revealing of causative gene in HD (Huntington 's disease). The models that incorporate knock-in and transgenic rodents are true representative of pathology and HD progression. Advanced research has proved that production of genetic models in such species is really a difficult task, and in order to encrypt the gene mutation in specified brain areas, a more advanced model that can incorporate the viral vector can be an effective approach.