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How Congress Has A Lot Of Power

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Chapter 11 Notes • Congress has a lot of power • Many think this branch needs the most repair • The puzzles, processes and actions of Congress say a lot about America 's representative democracy The Evolution of Congress • Framers’ Intentions: • Spread power among multiple institutions • Balance large and small states, known as bicameralism Phase 1-6 • Always influential but assorted in organization and leadership • Escalations in size lead to the need for centralization and less individual authority • Want of individual authority has led to institutional weakness The Evolution of the Senate • Small enough to operate without spreading authority among small group of leaders • Interests are more carefully balanced • No time constraints on speakers or committee control of discussion Who Is In Congress? Sex and Race • House has become less male and more racially diverse • Senate has been slower to change, but several African Americans and Hispanics hold influential positions Incumbency • Low turnover rates and safe districts were common in Congress before the 1980s • Incumbents gradually viewed as politicians and not in touch with the people by the 1980s Party • Democrats are the beneficiaries of incumbency • Advantages of incumbency for Democrats become disadvantages by the 1990s • Republicans gain power over Congress in 1994 • Republicans supplant conservative Democrats in the South during the 1990s • More party accord, particularly in the House, since the 1990s The

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