How Did Alexander Fleming Treat Bacteria

Dr. Howard Florey, Ernst Chain, and their peers at Oxford University had just begun research on how to test penicillin’s ability to kill bacteria. According to the text, “The History of Penicillin” it says , “The British scientists could not produce the quantities of penicillin needed for clinical trials on humans and turned to the United States for help.” That means Florey was going to need help because Britain’s resources were running low due to the war. Their solution came in the form of the Peoria Lab where scientists were already were working on a similar process. After several years, their work finally paid off. Scientists finally made a small sample of penicillin they could test with, The same text from above says, “Pumping air into deep vats containing corn steep liquor and the addition of other key ingredients was shown to produce faster growth and larger amounts of penicillin than the previous surface-growth method.” This was one of the first methods scientists used to mass produce penicillin. The hard work still wasn’t over though. They still had to make mass production of penicillin a lot better. Besides in reality, no one has actually mass produced a huge amount yet which made penicillin very expensive, no one until Andrew J. Moyer at least. Based on the article, “The History of Penicillin”, it says, “By November 26, 1941, Andrew J. Moyer, the lab’s expert on the nutrition of molds, had succeeded, with the assistance of Dr. heatley, in increasing the yields of penicillin 10 times.” So penicillin was soon mass produced in 1943, saving thousands of soldiers and reducing penicillin prices. The scientists responsible for this major discovery were soon rewarded the Nobel Peace Prize and Moyer was inducted into the Inventors Hall of Fame according to the article, “The Discovery of Penicillin” The History of Penicillin also says,”On May 25, 1948, Andrew J. Moyer was

In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered that the mold penicillium notatum could be used as an antibiotic. It was not until 1940 that penicillin was derived from the mold to be used to treat disease and sickness. Norman G. Heatley asked a team of scientist to begin working on isolating the ingredient penicillin from the mold itself. In March of 1940, the team withdrew acidified culture

In this reading there was many very interesting facts about penicillin. Penicillin was a breakthrough in the medical field in the 20th century. The scientist Alexander Fleming had accidentally spilled a vile of bacteria on to a plate of bacteria to his benefit he found that is had stopped the growth of bacteria. This accidental discover has benefited everyone in the world because we have to get these shots if we are infected, plus it saved many life’s in world war II. However, Penicillin is considered an antibiotic chemical that is created by living organism to stop the growth of bacteria and prevent an illness if people were to come into contact with this problem. Since the discovery and massive stock piling of this cure it has become less

Fleming in 1928. Penicillin helped to treat some common infections: step throat, boils, it would heal wounds quicker, as well as treat more serious infections such as meningitis and pneumonia. Antibiotics usually kill only weak bacteria and after some years of antibiotic usage stronger bacteria have not only survived but also became resistant to the old cure. “Doctors have started to prescribe antibiotics to cure conditions such as ear infections, sinusitis, bronchitis, non-specific upper respiratory tract infections and even common colds and flu… According to the Director of Antimicrobial Resistance, Dr. Richard Besser, each year US physicians write $50 million worth of prescriptions that are ineffectual and unnecessary.” (Elisa Bussey). The more doctors were prescribing antibiotics, the bigger the number of people who become resistant to them. Most of the European countries prescribe antibiotics to kill bacteria only in cases of life threatening conditions. Patients in the US have become accustomed to receiving antibiotics for almost any health concerns and with time, patients have started to expect such prescriptions as a norm.

by Dr. Alexander Fleming. As test continued, Fleming began to realize that he was on the verge of a great discovery. However, he still did not know the identity of the fungus, and had little knowledge of fungi. His crude extracts could be diluted 1,000 times and still be effective in killing bacteria. After years of working on penicillin and going nowhere, many of his co-workers grew tired of hearing about it. The first real test for penicillin came when a 48-year-old police officer nicked himself shaving. After a time, Alexander's face became infected and he developed a temperature. When he was rushed to the hospital, the doctors believed that he had only hours

Jesse Lane says in Not-So-Dumb Luck, When he came back, he noticed that every dish he had left out in the open was covered in mold.” She later says, “The dish that had caught Fleming’s eye contained a staphylococci culture- in other words, it was chock full of bacteria- and while Fleming had been away, the culture had also grown a tuft of yellow-green mold.” And that was the beginning revolutionary history of penicillin. Later in the paragraph the author says, “After some experimentation, he found that the ring was bacteria free, and that the mold was a rare spore called Penicillium notatum,” Where the name penicillin comes from ”which had wafted on air currents into his lab from another floor.” If he hadn’t gone on vacation and left his lab a mess then penicillin wouldn’t be with us today saving lives.Thirdly, penicillin is a widely used medicine that kills bacteria and treats

Did you know the first antibiotic, penicillin, also known as the “miracle drug” was first recognized on accident? Alexander Fleming had unintentionally left Petri

Fleming’s work was later expanded by Howard Florey and Ernst Chain and their team at Oxford University beginning in 1938, about ten years after Fleming’s first findings. They were able to transform penicillin as a curiosity in the lab and antiseptic to the life-saving antibiotic we know it as today. Howard Florey was deemed at an early age by his older sister who was a medical student at the time to be the next “Pasteur” due to his interest in pursuing medical research. Florey then achieved much as a student at the University of Adelaide, which at that time didn’t specialize in researchers, but in preparing general practitioners. Howard then went on to receive the Rhodes Scholarship to study in England at Oxford University. He used this opportunity as a springboard to going on to study in America and return back to England to Oxford University achieve much greatness. In 1938, he became the director of the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology. After a few years of taking on a variety of experiments and gathering a team of trusted professionals, he spearheaded work on the self-proclaimed “Penicillin Project” after coming across and sifting

In 1928, after the careless mistake of forgetting to clean his dishes, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. The scientific community still celebrates his discovery since it was a major breakthrough in science, especially in the antibiotics and fermentation field. Although his discovery changed various scientific fields and it opened the doors for research in areas not studied or considered relevant before, the actual usefulness of penicillin was truly reached until the large scale production of penicillin was achieved. Before its manufacturing penicillin was considered for researching purposes, but after its manufacturing during World War II, it truly became helpful for humanity because it could finally start performing within its antibiotic spectrum.

To begin with, penicillin had two accidental discoveries. “Originally noticed by a French medical student, Ernest Duchesne, in 1896” (Bellis 123). This means penicillin was noticed years before it was actually discovered. Alexander Fleming re-discovered penicillin when “he observed that a plate culture of Staphylococcus had been contaminated by a blue-green mold and that colonies of bacteria adjacent to the mold were being dissolved” (Bellis 123). This is important because penicillin was re-discovered and this time its medical potential was noticed. All in all, the accidental discoveries by Duchesne and Fleming were monumental events that lead to penicillin becoming widely used.

The own Alexander Fleming indicates that the discovery occurred on 28 September 1928 and that this was accidental. I believe that all of us know how the penicillin was discovered: some bacterial cultures were contaminated by the fungus. He observed that a part of one of the cultures the bacterias had been destroyed by one of this pollutant.

The first antibiotic was discovered by Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist. He noticed that bacteria growing on a culture plate had been negatively affected by a mold, Penicillium notatum, which had contaminated the culture. Later on other scientists were able to isolate Penicillin from the mold and prove that it was useful for combating severe bacterial infections. A range of Penicillins became accessible to treat different bacterial infections after scientists experimented with the core of the penicillin molecule. Two other early discoveries were tyrocidine and gramicidin which are produced by the bacteria of the genus Bacillus.

In September 1928, a few months after appointed as professor of bacteriology he returned back to his laboratory from a long break with his family and accidentally noticed that a culture plate of staphylococcus aureus had been defiled with small pieces of mold. He also discovered that there were settlements of staphylococci inside the culture plate was not there. He then discovered the they had been destroyed by the piece of mold. Fleming immediately started to investigate thinking that he had found a very powerful enzyme; he called the enzyme mould juice but later then changed it to penicillin. Moreover only did he realize after many years that his accidental discovery of a bacteria killer changed the course of history and revolutionized medicine forever. Fleming discovered that his discovery was capable of killing a wide range of harmful bacteria. For the advancement of his discovery, Fleming immediately called two former teachers that then became his assistants to help him extract pure liquid from the piece of penicillin. Unfortunately many efforts they all failed but Fleming produced and distributed his discoveries in the British Journal of Experimental Pathology in 1929 with his discoveries conveying the benefits of penicillin and talking about how they can be used theoretically in the future. As the result of Fleming discoveries and beliefs, a group of men from Oxford University led by a few scientists completely extracted and completed separated liquid penicillin. The antibiotic extracted eventually came out for the public and was used in World War II changing battlefield medicine and the saving the lives of many soldiers. In 1945, Alexander Fleming, and the scientists from Oxford University all received the nobel peace prize for discovering penicillin. In 1946, Fleming received head of the Saint Mary’s Inoculation Department and became

He was able to continue his studies throughout his military career and on demobilization he settled to work on antibacterial substances which would not be toxic to animal tissues. DUring the war Fleming learned that treatments done to the wounded often did more harm than good. Fleming advised only to clean wounds with a sterile towel as to avoid infections. In 1921, he discovered in tissues an important bacteriolytic substance which he named Lysozyme. About this time, he devised sensitivity titration methods and assays in human blood and other body fluids, which he subsequently used for the titration of penicillin. In 1928, after getting home from a vacation he noticed he had accidentally left some influenza slides out. When he went to clean it up he noticed a strange thing. He observed that mould had developed accidently on a staphylococcus culture plate and that the mould had created a bacteria-free circle around itself. He was inspired to further experiment and he found that a mould culture prevented growth of staphylococci, even when diluted 800 times. He named the active substance

"When I woke up just after dawn on September 28, 1928, I certainly didn't plan to revolutionise all medicine by discovering the world's first antibiotic, or bacteria killer," Fleming would later say, "But I suppose that was exactly what I did".