How Did Bachanalia Change

The Romans also ate lying down or in a low position, they would hardly eat sitting upright around a table. It was a Tradition to serve a fancy drink or wine during Coena. Wine was also served with other ingredients such as, Calda which was a winter drink made from wine, water and exotic spices, or Mulsum which was a very popular wine and honey

Until about 20 years ago the Latin genre of music known as bachata was undesirable in its country of origin. Bachata is known as guitar music that originated in the Dominican Republic during the 1920s around the time when dictator, Rafael Trujillo, took over. The Dominican Republic is right next to Haiti and close neighbors with Cuba. The capital is Santo Domingo and also the largest city in the country. Like many other styles of Latin music bachata came from the poorest social class in the country, it was considered too rude, vulgar, and musically rustic, and was not accepted by the wealthy people in the country. It wasn’t 1961 until after Trujillo’s death that the artists were able to go to the capital and record their music because Trujillo’s family had monopolized music in the country when he was still alive.

When given the task of writing a biography on Johann Sebastian Bach, there are roughly nine periods in his life that can be discussed in detail. Beginning in Eisenach with his birth, moving to Ohrdruf after his parent’s death, deciding to pursue choral studies in Luneburg, his first stay in Weimar while awaiting the organ to be built in Arnstadt, moving to Arnstadt and beginning services for the town at age 18, auditioning for the organist position in Muhlhausen, returning to Weimar to continue working as a member of the chamber orchestra and as Organist of the Court in Weimar, leaving Weimar to become the Chapel master in Cothen, and finally residing in Leipzig where he eventually passed away at age 65.

On the other hand, the involvement of them could still be proven by the sources that historians do have today. Ancient Rome people believed that religion and their relationship with the gods directly affects their lives, prosperity, and achievements. As the result, it had a huge and important effect on their civilization and history. “The Romans hoped, if not expected, that the gods would hold up their end of the arrangement if Romans did what was demanded of them.” (Schultz, p. 1) And they believed that what was demanded is doing special religious practices. This kind of approach shows the importance of religion for Romans, especially the rightness of rituals execution. Since a lot of these practices involved women’s participation and could not be performed without them, females affected the proper enactment, which Romans believed directly affected their lives and well-being directly. Moreover, antient Rome had a special role for women in religion, which was very influental and respecred. Vestal virgins were essential part of the religion and influenced families, marriage and relationship approach of Romans. They were “in Roman antiquity, priestesses of Vesta, goddess of the hearth. The vestals were vowed to thirty years of service as virgins: ten of learning, ten of performance, and ten

2C: In Greek symposion, or drinking parties, men drank as equals to discuss topics of intellect. Rome took wine more seriously, since it more strictly sets the status of a man, so much so, that the status of a person often determined which wines they were served at events like Roman convivium, the Roman equivalent of symposion. Convivium was a time to boast about your wealth rather than have intellectual discussions, and rather than drinking wine from a single bowl like the Greeks, drinkers usually drank from their own cups. This shows that the Greeks were more unified than the Romans, and, in a sense, more peaceful and accepting.

If we are to evaluate Bach’s significance as a tutor, should we then assess the success of his students? Bach had taught numerous pupils during his life, particularly since c. 1706/7, where most primary sources are dated from. Johann Casper Vogler was one of Bach’s ‘successful’ students who became a nationally known organist and won an exclusive examination performance in the Markt-Kirche at Hanover. In 1721 he moved to take Bach’s former post as Organist for the Weimar Court. Vogler, previously known as “Anonymous 18”, is of significance today through his hand copies of Bach’s works. His copy of Bach’s Prelude and Fughetta in C Major, BWV 870a, is of particular influence, being highly regarded within performance study practices for having the fingerings written out. It is seen that Bach’s teaching methods went beyond the scope of influencing his direct pupils. Johann Tobias Krebs was another of Bach’s ‘acclaimed’ students who in 1721 accepted the post as Organist at Buttelstedt. Here he was expected to play the organ of Michaeliskirche and instruct at the school. Although J. T. Krebs remained at Buttelstedt for the rest of his life, he is mostly acknowledged as being the father of Johann Ludwig Krebs, also a student of Bach. Johann Ludwig Krebs became to be considered comparable to Bach; continuing the genius particularly through his keyboard technique and counterpoint. The names of some other notable pupils of Bach include Johann Martin Schubart, who in 1717 succeeded Bach at his organist post in Weimar. Another student was Johann Schneider who became organist of St.

On August 1, 2002, I, Kathryn Grace Bach, was born into this world. My parents arrived at Doylestown hospital at 8:30am. It was a hot, humid day in August. The temperature was already a staggering 82 degrees Fahrenheit. My mother came into the hospital wearing shorts and a T-shirt with her waving brown locks cascading down her shoulders. The doctors helped settle my mother in while I was quickly approaching. Unfortunately, my mother was unable to give birth to me naturally, so the doctors had to perform a C-section. After I was officially born at 9:30am, the doctors were unable to stop the bleeding from my mothers C-section cut. She has a low platelet level, which means her body couldn't form enough clots to stop the bleeding. They immediately

After the death of the Roman emperor Philip the Arab, Rome suffered through over three decades of ineffective rulers. A once powerful Roman Empire took substantial hits financially and militarily. All of this would change in 284 A.D. when man named Diocletian rose to power. Soon after taking the throne, Diocletian realized the Roman Empire was far too vast to be ruled by just one person, so in 285 A.D. he split the empire into eastern and western halves. Diocletian named his son-in-law, Maximian, the emperor of the eastern half of Rome and he remained the emperor of the western half. After the split, Diocletian made policies to restore the economy and military. He tried to restore order in the ruined economy by creating national budget that aimed at balancing expenses and revenues, responding to rising prices with an edict that fixed prices on thousands of commodities and services, and responding to soaring interest rates by fixing them to between six and twelve percent.

The Roman convivium was a banquet where drinkers were served different wines based on their social status and class. Symposiums were like forums where participants drank equally, pursued pleasure, and were philosophically enlightened. In conviviums, social class determined what type of wine, the amount of water mixed into the wine, and seating arrangement. However, Greeks in symposiums all sat together and drank the same wine from one communal pot.

The decline in morals also affected the lower classes and slaves. Religious festivals such as Saturnalia and Bacchanalia where sacrifices, ribald songs, lewd acts and sexual promiscuity were practiced. Bestiality and other lewd and sexually explicit acts were exhibited in the Colosseum arena to amuse the mob. Brothels and forced prostitution flourished. Widespread gambling on the chariot races and gladiatorial combats. Massive consumption of alcohol. The sadistic cruelty towards both man and beasts in the arena.

The powerful, spoilt, wealthy Roman Emperors inevitably became corrupt and many lived a debauched, deluded and immoral lifestyle. Massive consumption of alcohol. The emperor had power over life and death. Brothels and forced prostitution flourished. The sadistic cruelty towards both man and beasts in the arena. Emperors such as Tiberius kept groups of young boys for his pleasure, incest by Nero who also had a male slave castrated so he could take him as his wife, Elagabalus who forced a Vestal Virgin through marriage, Commodus with his harems of concubines enraged Romans by sitting in the theatre or at the games dressed in a woman 's garments. Religious festivals such as Saturnalia and Bacchanalia where sacrifices, ribald songs, lewd acts and sexual promiscuity were practised. Immoral and promiscuous sexual behaviour including adultery and orgies. The

In Perpetua’s time, the Roman culture had strict views on gender and the role of a woman in society. Early Roman society families had a patriarchal structure meaning the father was the head of the family. The strongest tie within the family was that between a father and a daughter. Daughters were expected to “[forge] political and social ties” for fathers (Salisbury 6). A Roman daughter was favored the most; they received the best education overseen by their fathers. The purpose of a strong education was “to pass on to their sons the values of Rome” as well as help her to be a good mother in the future (Salisbury 7). A woman’s purpose in the Roman culture was reproduction in order to continue lineage. In addition to strict family and social rules, Roman women joined cults with specific rituals for females to perform. A woman’s role in Roman society was “defined by cults…to preserve social order” (Salisbury 12). Women joined a specific cult depending on the

The Romans' everyday routines explain how funerary customs played a central role in society from the late Republic to early Empire. More importantly, examining the rituals will illustrate if there was a connection to the increasing popularity of inhumation at that time. There was a blurred line between life and death that made it appear as if there was a paradoxical attitude towards death. The observation can be made that death was an end to a person's physical life on earth but it did not stop the deceased from being a part of the Roman society.7 Keeping the memory of the deceased alive was vital in family homes. For this to occur the dead could not be cremated; the funerary rites to follow would not allow it because the physical body was necessary. The idea of honoring the recently deceased as an ancestor was stressed in society.8 The funerals of Roman aristocrats were quite extravagant and the deceased aristocrats were treated as if they were still a part of the living. This wouldn't be possible with a cremated body, so another option was to properly clean the body for the display in the atrium of the family household before the final disposal of the

Drugs and alcohol are a huge part in the lifestyles of the Dionysians. The experiences that they wanted were “…often sought openly by means of drugs and alcohol.” (521) Many times, the Dionysian cultures used mind-altering substances in order to get

Dionysus is an important figure of Greek mythology. He is the Olympian god of wine, vegetation, festivity and pleasure. He represents humanity’s longing for pleasure and desire to celebrate. Dionysus is also the god of hallucination, theatre, reincarnation and homosexuality. He is called: “the youthful, beautiful, but effeminate god of wine. He is also called both by Greeks and Romans Bacchus (Bakchos), that is, the noisy or riotous god…” (Roman 201).