How Did Chinese Workers Deal With Racism Or Racist?

One of the largest groups ever to immigrate to the United States was the Chinese. In 1842 the British Empire defeated China in the first Opium War. China was forced to pay indemnities of 21 million silver dollars and open five ports to foreign commerce. As a result, peasant farmers were heavily taxed. A series of floods and crop failures in Southern China lead to poverty and famine among peasant farmers. The British were given the power to preside over the immigration of the Chinese people. Eventually 12 treaty ports were opened to Westerners and Western missionaries begin to arrive in China, paving the way for Chinese youth to receive western training abroad.

British trade with China during the Qing dynasty from 1750 - 1900 was economically harmful for the Chinese, and the Chinese Imperial government responses were political. A document showing a Chinese citizen’s view on the events and how they played out would have helped me to better understand how it affected the people of China’s

The Lo Wah Kiu were immigrants that came to EEUU before 1965 and Wa Yeoy were after and several laws were changed. This ones, eagerly sought adventures in their progressive relationship with the rest of society, Likewise, the Magnuson Law of 1943, which effectively repealed the Exclusion Law, "only allowed 105 Chinese immigrants per year, reflecting the persistent prejudice against the Chinese in US immigration policy.

In the 1860s, Barkerville was a booming town. Thousands of prospectors came to the town, many of them from the U.S. At the peak of the gold rush, there were as many as 5,000 Chinese living in Barkerville. Unfortunately, the Chinese were not allowed to prospect in areas other than abandoned sites. This was due to discrimination towards Asians at that time. On account of this fact, the Chinese did not make the same fortunes as the whites did. Nonetheless, the Chinese still managed to find a way to thrive as a community. They provided many services to as many as 20,000 prospectors that came into the Barkerville region in the 1860s.

Millions of immigrants over the previous centuries have shaped the United States of America into what it is today. America is known as a “melting pot”, a multicultural country that welcomes and is home to an array of every ethnic and cultural background imaginable. We are a place of opportunity, offering homes and jobs and new economic gains to anyone who should want it. However, America was not always such a “come one, come all” kind of country. The large numbers of immigrants that came during the nineteenth century angered many of the American natives and lead to them to blame the lack of jobs and low wages on the immigrants, especially the Asian communities. This resentment lead to the discrimination and legal exclusion of immigrants,

The Chinese people that came to Australia were typically men brining there family over with them to work for an income that would be big enough to support them. The wife however was left at home to forfill the role of looking after her in-laws in this time. The family would have to work for them aswell, and send a percentage of there profit over.

In the early 1880’s immigrants started to come over to the United States. Immigrants came into the United States for job opportunities, and a better life for there families. Immigrants come from all over the world, such as chinese, Italian, and Russian immigrants. The experiences of Chinese immigrants differed from immigrants from Italy, and Russia. Their experiences differed, because of how they came over to America, where they lived, and jobs.

“China has become the U.S.' most important trading partner (Ito, 2009). Additionally, China has surpassed India to become the top country sending students to study in the U.S.” (A Comparative Look at Chinese and American Stereotypes). Now in our modern day world, there have been many stereotypes built up around Chinese people or immigrants. Pre-existing views or perceptions about a certain ethnic group, culture or race will certainly affect and drive interactions with people of that certain culture. Since stereotypes are usually very broad and are long-lasting, many of these” expectations” are outdated/antiquated. My research proposal mainly focuses on the danger of seeing all Chinese immigrants in one way, mainly the idea that all Chinese are smart, nerdy and unathletic. This specific topic interested me as growing up as a Chinese person in Canada, I have seen and experienced the extent that preexisting perceptions can influence people's views and actions. I suspected that through my research I would find that not all Chinese people fit the stereotype and can “break the mould” given to them. For research and information, I went onto many articles and news sites. My research confirmed that the classic, traditional stereotypes for Chinese people definitely do not represent the entire population.

From 1850 to 1900 it is estimated that 90,000 Chinese, 62,000 South Pacific Islanders, 3,000 Japanese and 2,000 Afghans immigrated to Australia. 3,000 Chinese people went to New South Wales where most got jobs as ‘coolies ,which was basically semi-slavery, they were given barely enough pay to live off of and working conditions worse than the ones of free workers. Even worse the worker was bound to their employer a few years at a time by contract so they could not even leave if they wanted to. 2,000 Chinese people went to Victoria for the gold rush where they were treated horribly, they were abused, given bad rumours such as diseased and had to deal with race riots where their tents were burned and they were dragged through the dirt. In the end they started to restrict Chinese immigration around Australia, however the people that did make it through got enough wealth to settle in Australia. Pacific Islanders and Japanese people were treated the same, lied to for their skills in harsh environments, which sometimes ended in deaths. Afghans were probably given the most recognition for their work, exploring Australia and helping build a rail named ‘the Ghan’, though the conditions were the same trekking through the harsh

The rate of Chinese migration alarmed Victorian government officials. According to the 1853 census, there were 2000 Chinese in the colony. At the beginning of 1855, there were 10,000 on the goldfields. During March 1854, four ships arrived bringing 1,400 Chinese. By June, the numbers had increased to 17,000.

Chinese Presence in Australia by Andrew Tran During the late 1800s, many Chinese came to Australia in search of freedom and wealth. However, when the Chinese arrived to Australia, they were treated with great hostility, racism and resentment from the European society. This was due to the very strange and unusual Chinese customs that the Australians/Europeans saw. Soon, the Australian government introduced the ‘White Australia Policy.’

After these laws were abolished, caste oppression in the south, the decline of cotton agriculture (which was due to floods), and the shortage of labor in the Northern Factories created the conditions that incentivized African Americans to emigrate towards the North. Here they faced the ghetto. Although they had more freedom and opportunities, many African Americans were forced into a ‘Black Belt’ which became a community with the following attributes: overpopulation, underserved, crime, disease, and dilapidation. Beneath that facade of freedom was a ‘job ceiling’ - restricting Blacks to the most underpaid jobs - and a wall between them and White cliques, keeping them from true ‘social equality.’ Smiley & Fakunle state that overt racism is not

Although they appeared small and scrawny, they were fearless and very hard working. Another benefit of hiring these Chinese workers was that they drank heated tea instead of muddy ditch water. As a result they were less likely to get sick. The Chinese immigrants had a huge role in building the transcontinental railroad. They worked in the central pacific. In the beginning it was slow and difficult. Working there was both strenuous and dangerous. However that didn’t affect the way they worked. Crocker once said, “Wherever we put them, we found them good.”(PBS 1) The Chinese labored under extremely dangerous conditions, for little pay, even less than the Irish immigrants. They had to survive during harsh winters and the scorching heat in the desert. They earned a reputation real fast, as “tireless and extraordinarily reliable workers- - quite, peaceable, patients, industrious, and economical.”(Digitalhistory 1) The track laying was divided up into various parts: one gang laid rails on the ties, drove the spikes, and bolted the splice bars; at the same time, another gang distributed telegraph poles and wire along the grade, while the cooks prepared dinner and the clerks busied themselves with accounts, records, using telegraph wire to tap for more materials and supplies. One huge problem they had to triumph over was located in the Sierra Nevada. They had a dilemma because huge solid granite ridges were blocking construction. They had to be tunneled

Xenophobia and fear of Chinese immigrants became catalyst for The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. This image depicts the violence, fear, and xenophobia the white Americans felt toward the Chinese for taking their jobs, some of their women, ruining the economy, and coming from another country. What stands out in the visual is liberty sticking up for the Chinese saying hands off America is fairy play for everyone. While the white Americans were against it and Uncle Sam who represents patriotism wants to harm the Chinese. In addition, what is shown is what Chinese are called as well as the possibility of death by hanging. The issues it shows are the threats that the Chinese fact as well as the xenophobia and fear the white Americans feel toward the Chinese. The point of view of the visual is an unbiased view explain the facts of what is happening in the scenario of the Chinese versus white Americans. The message of the image is to bring awareness of the situation and show as liberty said America is fair play for all. What makes this argument successful is its highlight of basic propaganda tactics and demagogic undertones to eternalize Chinese stereotypes and beliefs. There are no weaknesses in the image because it's unbiased and its only presenting facts about the situation.

Indonesia is made up of many different smaller ethnic groups. Most of these smaller groups are indigenous people of the Indonesian islands, “Javanese 40.6%, Sundanese 15%, Madurese 3.3%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Betawi 2.4%, Bugis 2.4%, Banten 2%, Banjar 1.7%, other or unspecified 29.9%.” (2000 census) Chinese people born in China and Chinese people born in Indonesia make up 2-3 percent of Indonesia’s total population. Although some Chinese people in Indonesia are still considered only by their Chinese heritage, others have assimilated and are considered Chinese Indonesian by marrying local Indonesian people or gaining Indonesian citizenship. (cite) The difference between race and