How Did Copernicus Heliocentric Model Explain Why The Planets Sometimes Move Backwards

B. Which of plates A through G will receive the least? Plates A and G will both receive the least amount of energy because the Sun’s rays will not hit those plates as directly as the rest.

For many years astronomers and people alike have constantly heard about the observations and records of the Chinese and Europeans. No other culture can provide as much information as that gathered by the Chinese and Europeans, but there are many other cultures that observed and recorded the night sky, one of those being the Native Americans. During the last fifteen to twenty years archaeoastronomers have uncovered much concerning the beliefs and records of Native Americans. Unfortunately, the methods of keeping records of astronomical events were not as straight forward as the Chinese and Europeans. The Native Americans had to use what they could to record what they observed. Their records were found on rock

A star with which of the following apparent magnitudes appears brightest from Earth? E. -1. 5

2. (5 points) How long does light take to travel to the Earth from the moon?

The Phoenix constelation moves around the part of the southern sky depending on the position of viewing.

This star catalog relies heavily on that of Hipparchus (129 BC), and in the majority of cases Ptolemy simply converted Hipparchus’s description of the location of each star to ecliptic coordinates and then shifted these values by a constant to account for precession over the intervening centuries. These two books also discuss the construction of a star globe that adjusts for precession. The remaining five books, the most original, set forth in detail geometric models for the motion of the five planets visible to the naked eye, together with tables for predicting their positions at any given time.” (The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica,

A successful result will include an observation and reflection of the sun’s location. Along with observing the sun, you will observe the sunset and the changes you see. Then, you

J) The altitude decreased by 13 degrees since the previous observation, and the azimuth increased by 13 degrees.

As expected, the Sun sets at an angle rather than coming straight down, coming in slowly towards North-West.

Sky and Could See the Earth Clearly, Oresme defends the idea that the earth is not at rest. He first supplies the opposition to his claim: one can observe all the celestial bodies rising and setting, as well as the revolution of the heavens around the pole star. The rotation of the earth would have to be quick, which would produce strong winds from the east, but there is no such wind. He also cites Ptolemy’s claim that objects propelled upwards would not fall straight back down (Oresme 93). Based on all of these, the earth is at rest.

In the early 1600’s, Johannes Kepler proposed three laws of planetary motion. Kepler was able to summarize the carefully collected data of his mentor, Tycho Brahe, with three statements that described the motion of planets in the sun-centered solar system.

Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer and mathematician who lived between 1671-1630. Kepler was a Copernican and initially believed that planets should follow perfectly circular orbits (“Johan Kepler” 1). During this time period, Ptolemy’s geocentric theory of the solar system was accepted. Ptolemy’s theory stated that Earth is at the center of the universe and stationary; closest to Earth is the Moon, and beyond it, expanding towards the outside, are Mercury, Venus, and the Sun in a straight line, followed by Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the “fixed stars”. The Ptolemaic system explained the numerous observed motions of the planets as having small spherical orbits called epicycles (“Astronomy” 2). Kepler is best known for introducing three

Time of Observation : In the morning, 10.30 a.m. and it was a sunny day.

The orbital velocities of most celestial objects can be worked out and represented by Kepler’s 3rd Law: The Square of the period of any celestial body is proportional to the cube of the radius of its orbit. This is visualised in the equation-

21)Approximately how far will a jet airliner travel in still air when descending clean from FL370 to FL70 ?"/>