How Did Darwin Contribute To Ernest Rutherford's Experiment

The radiation will focus onto a narrow beam before passing a slit on the lead sheet. A small piece of gold was put in the front of the screen that was covered with zinc. “It would produce a burst of light called a scintillation, which was visible through a viewing microscope attached to the back of the screen. The screen itself was movable, allowing Rutherford and his associates to determine whether or not any alpha particles were being deflected by the gold foil” (The Editors of Encyclopedia

The pioneering work of Becquerel in 1896 (the discovery of uranium), and the Curies (who subsequently discovered radium and polonium and the energy and heat given off by these new elements which they called radioactivity) led to the remarkable work of Ernest Rutherford. He was a physicist, whose experiments showed that some heavier elements spontaneously changed or decayed into lighter elements (unstable 'parent' elements giving off protons and neutrons to form a 'daughter' element) through the process of radioactivity. He discovered that radioactive materials decay at a very predictable rate, and that lead was the final decay product of uranium. Using Rutherford's ideas, Bertram Boltwood pioneered a method of radiometric dating in 1907. He hypothesized that since he knew how long it takes uranium to break down, he could measure the proportions of lead in uranium ores, and use his calculations to date how long those ores had existed,

Alpha, beta and gamma come from nuclear of an atom and they called radioactive, because it gives off radiation. These radiations absorb by different thickness of materials such as: Alpha radiation only travel few centimetre in the air, beta radiation travels tens centimetre in the air however gamma travel many meter in the air. If the substance is thicker, the more radiation it will absorbed.

​At the helm of the greatest phenomenal discoveries ever made, lies men and women who pioneered the world's greatest conveniences. Most of these novel findings were done in relative isolation. Isaac Newton who was an English Mathematician, discovered the forces of gravity. Michael Faraday produced an electric current hence becoming the first man to produce electricity. Charles Darwin is credited as the inventor of the process of natural selection in which he describes how life forms change gradually and over time adapt to their environment in order to survive.

Thompson, is another trailblazing intellect. In the South Island of New Zealand, Rutherford was born into a rural community in 1841, as the fourth child out of a grand total of twelve children (Ernest Rutherford's Life, n.d., para. 1). After graduating from a local school in his community and having honors in all of his subjects, he would go to the Canterbury College in Christchurch, New Zealand (Ernest Rutherford's Life, n.d., para.1). In 1892, he would receive a Bachelor’s Degree and Master’s Degree in mathematics, while also receiving a Bachelor’s degree in physical science. Subsequently, he spent time researching for years after (Ernest Rutherford's Life, n.d., para. 2). Rutherford then applied for a scholarship, but sadly lost. However, due to the fact that the original winner was unable to use the scholarship, it was granted to Rutherford, taking him to the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge (Ernest Rutherford's Life, n.d., para.3). Here, he met J.J. Thomson, and would pursue to continue his previous work with magnetism; however, Thomson would get Rutherford to do research with him on the induction of ionization, specifically with Roentgen rays (Ernest Rutherford's Life, n.d., para. 3). As time went on, Rutherford would begin to study radioactivity through ionization. Through this, he would discover Becquerel rays and their heterogeneous nature (para 4)1. Particularly, he was able to differentiate

Rutherford's issue was explaining the perplexing problem at the time of radioactivity of the spontaneous disintegration of atoms. One of his main

-It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change, this was said by Charles Darwin, a naturalist who developed the theory of evolution to explain biological change. Almost all things are somehow affected or reshaped entirely by scientific advances. Science plays a huge role in everyone and every things life. There are many scientist who have discovered, helped advance, or even invented incredible things. And in the top 100 influential scientist sits Charles Darwin. Just like any other scientist, his studies open doors to many more. His research and visions of common ancestry revolutionized studies in comparative anatomy, embryology, and taxonomy, and has brought together the basic rule of all biology. But Darwin's innovative idea of the process of evolution was received cautiously and remains in the minds of many scientist today. His idea made a huge leap, but there was a missing puzzle piece that was found by scientist Gregor Mendel who figured out that heredity depends on genes. So without Darwin’s grand theory many discoveries enabled by the application of evolutionary tools would have not been made. Darwin's ideas have been enhanced and modified as new knowledge and technologies have become

Ernest Rutherford is often ascribed as the greatest and most respectable experimental scientist, second to none. His unparalleled success is attributed to his revolutionary work regarding but not limited to the atom. Rutherford's ingenuity and dexterity was able to alter our insight of nature three remarkable times. He first set laws on radioactive decay, explaining it as the spontaneous disintegration of atoms. He then riveted the scientific community when he determined the structure of the atom.

Also while he was there, he was invited by Professor J.J Thomason to study the conductivity of gases, resulting in a paper about dividing atoms and molecules into ions. This lead Rutherford on to taking a closer look at ion-producing radiations and he discovered that putting uranium near foil will result in one type of radiation being easily soaked up or blocked, while another type had no problem penetrating the same foil. Then, he labeled the two radiation types “alpha” and “beta.” He then found out that the alpha particle was the same as the nucleus of the helium atom, and the beta was the same as an electron or composition. He took a professorship at McGill University of Montreal and left Cambridge in 1902. In 1903, he and Fredrick Soddy introduced their disintegration theory of radioactivity, and it claimed that radioactive energy was emitted from within an atom and that when alpha and beta particles were emitted at the same time they caused a chemical change across elements. Rutherford and Bertam Borden Boltwood, continued to categorize radioactive elements into what they called a “decay series.” Rutherford was honored with discovering the radioactive gas radon while at McGill. He achieved fame for his contributions to understanding of radioelements, and published many magazine

200 years ago was the beginning of finding new discovers and answers of how the world formed. Sailors and explores collected specimens from Britain empires. In school Darwin was taught to believe that 6,000 years ago God created the world. It was 183, at the age of 22 where his family connection helped with a once in a lifetime trip around the world. On the HMS Beagle he collected hundreds of specimens on his voyage, but never was satisfied with his findings. Therefore lead him to doubt the biblical story of how the creation of animals. That was where he arrived to Galapagos Island and pondered on why God has created creature so similar to each other are different.

He positioned a variety of metal foil in the route of the alpha rays, including gold, silver, tin, copper and aluminium (at different times) to observe whether the flashes of light moved, spread out, or changed at all. He found that as the various metals disrupted the paths of the rays the flashes become more spread out. This result indicated that alpha particles were being deflected as they passed through the metals. Rutherford wanted to know if alpha particles could be deflected at a larger angle, as the current tool developed by Geiger could only measure deflection of up to a few angles.

Walter Bothe took notice of the emission of neutral radiation from beryllium when bombarded it with alpha particles, and this lead to a later discovery of the abruption between hydrogen atoms and paraffin using electrical radiation.

Ernest Rutherford, 31 year old New Zealander, partners with Frederick Soddy to try and solve the mystery of uranium. They find that uranium spits out chunks of itself, and these chunks are radiation. The uranium then transforms into a completely different element. When the uranium spit out chunks of itself, it was losing protons so it no longer has 92. This is called transmutation.

While at McGill Rutherford meet a young chemist called Fredrick Soddy. After doing work with Fredrick they discovered the mysteries of radioactivity. There work showed that heavy atoms decay into slightly lighter atoms. This discovery soon brought Ernest Rutherford to world attention. Later in 1904 Ernest published a book 'radioactively'. In 1908 he was given the novel prize for chemistry for the discovery of the disintegration of atoms and their radioactively. In 1907 Ernest Rutherford travelled back to England, where he became a professor at Manchester university. After doing some further experiments at Manchester university involving firing alpha particle at high speeds into foil, Rutherford made a groundbreaking discovery. He discovered that nearly all of the mass of an atom is in the nucleus. Later on while at Manchester university, Ernest Rutherford discovered the nuclear model. This discovery marked the establishment of nuclear physics and was the starting point of the invention of the atomic

His discovery to radioactivity helped a lot of other scientists. If Henri hadn't discovered it Ernest Rutherford