How Did Dna Change The Wave Of The Future

Two people not in the Cavendish lab, but equally as involved in the discovery of the structure of DNA were Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, from King's College in London. While writing about many of the afore-mentioned individuals Watson emitted a constant attitude of indifference and his actions toward Rosalind Franklin equally reflected that indifference.

Watson and Crick discovered that cell’s nucleuses contained a molecule that was called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. The clues from the diary are: “Even us lab boys knew that there had been gossip going around the labs that Crick and Watson had been trying to solve the structure of this new-fangled molecule called DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid – but discovering the secret of life itself?”

While he was researching, he began to study genes. It was thought at that time period that genes were made out of proteins and were able to duplicate themselves, hence the passing on of genes. DNA was considered nothing but a structural support for the proteins. But Watson was not sure of this. Watson read about the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment, conducted by the people in the title, which implied that DNA was the genetic molecule. Watson later went to Copenhagen University for one year of postdoctoral research. At the university, biochemist Herman Kalckar wanted to use bacteriophages as an experimental system to study the synthesis of nucleic acids. Watson, on the other hand, wanted to see what was the structure of DNA. After some inconclusive experiments, he went to Italy. At Italy, Maurice Wilkins was giving a lecture about his X-ray diffraction of DNA. Afterward, Watson was now determined to find DNA's molecular structure. In 1951, Watson went to England at the Stazione Zoologica 'Anton Dohrn' in Naples to perform X-ray diffraction experiments. On 1953, using data from his experiments and other peoples' (some without

James Watson and Francis Crick made a mark in the history of science. On this day February 28, 1953 Watson and Crick made the discovery of a double helix in the DNA. Studying DNA is understanding how genes process within new cells. It helps discover the genetic code and protein synthesis. DNA has a complex structure simple enough to be discovered.

Discovered in 1953, by James Watson and Francis Crick’s, DNA “The chemical that encodes instructions for building and replicating almost all living things” (pbs.org). Although these two great scientists made this great discovery it didn’t just come out the blue. In 1943, another scientist named Oswald Avery, proved what had been known as DNA. He stated that “DNA, a nucleic acid, carries genetic information, but no one knew how it worked” (pbs.org). Two other people that were of great help and contributed to the discovery of DNA were, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. They were both studying DNA and they used X-ray diffraction as their main tool. They used this method to make shadow picture out of it. Franklin was a very shy girl that liked to keep to herself. Without her

Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Maurice Wilkins were all examples of scientists that came together to help form the detailed understanding of the structure of DNA that human civilization has today. The question that was solved by their work was, how do living organisms pass on traits to their offspring? The discovery was like a puzzle that was put together over time. Different scientists over the ages added a piece here and there. An example is Gregor Mendel. He worked with plants and observed the traits that were passed down from the parents to the offspring. By the 1950s, biologists found that chromosomes contain proteins along with DNA. This made scientists wonder how DNA could hold all the information needed to create

It is constantly recurring throughout his autobiographical statements as he recounts how each small discovery by the scientists he encounters help find a simple explanation, model for the structure of DNA from the complex ideas and evidence they began with. It is seen that each scientist had something to contribute whether it was a discovery or knowledge in their area of expertise that was beneficial in the discovery of the DNA structure. For example, when Crick saw Crystallographer V.Vand’s discovery of “a theory for the diffraction of x-rays by helical molecules” though he thought the theory was invalid it peaked his curiosity in finding an accurate theory. Furthermore, in Watson’s interview it is seen that when it comes to science he thinks that if there is scientific knowledge that will affect human beings’, scientists, the scientific community should work to ensure that they understand the knowledge and

Watson and Crick used Franklin’s photo to create a model of DNA and ended up receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962. Watson and Crick never gave Rosalind Franklin the credit that she deserved for aiding in their discovery of the structure of DNA (Maddox). Gregor Mendel, Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick made significant contributions to the scientific community, and have made genetic engineering possible.

However, before Watson moved to Cambridge he worked in Naples at a Zoological Station and saw DNA’s x-ray diffraction pattern. This only made his longing stronger to prove Erwin Schrodinger’s theory. After Watson met Crick the two began working furiously toward learning the structure of DNA. It took more than one attempt, but in the spring of 1953, the two had constructed the double-helical structure known as DNA. This proved that there were codes and that DNA could be replicated. Watson and Crick cannot take all the credit for discovering this on their own. There was another chemist named Rosalind Franklin that Watson and Crick used work from. Franklin had several unpublished papers that described the structural qualities of DNA. Franklin’s work went unrecognized until she would later die of ovarian cancer

Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and James Dewey Watson, were credited with the discovery of DNA. Later

Although groundbreaking, these discoveries have shown us that scientific progress is more of a long-term investment into human knowledge, and, a priori, such investments require much work and dedication regardless of the results. The whole journey to the discoveries like the one concerning DNA structure is filled with endless hypotheses that scientists have tested multiple times,

While both John Watson and Francis Crick did not start out the task of uncovering the structure of DNA, they both eased into it. “At the time of my arrival, Francis’ theories spread far beyond the confines of protein crystallography. Anything important would attract him”(9). “A major factor in his leaving physics and developing an interest in biology has been the reading in 1946 of What is Life? by the noted theoretical physicist Erwin Schrȍdinger”(13). This demonstrates that while Crick did leave physics, he did it for a reason. After reading the novel, he was inspired to start a new science life. Instead of focusing on protein crystallography, the book’s ideology moved Crick’s attention to DNA. “It was Wilkins who had first excited me about X-ray work on DNA… My interest in DNA had grown out ”(21). This indicates how Watson commenced his search on DNA. Although not stated outright, Watson got his ideas from Wilkin. He had observed Maurice’s words and from this, he began to question and became intrigued. The same is applicable to Francis. He embarked on the path of DNA because of the book What is Life?, which shows that it must have sparked inquiries, since he ‘developed an interest in biology’ and then acted upon it with Watson alongside

They seized on this problem during their very first encounter, in the summer of 1951, and pursued it with single-minded focus over the course of the next eighteen months. This meant taking on the arduous intellectual task of immersing themselves in all the fields of science involved: genetics, biochemistry, chemistry, physical chemistry, and X-ray crystallography. Drawing on the experimental results of others (they conducted no DNA experiments of their own), taking advantage of their complementary scientific backgrounds in physics and X-ray crystallography (Crick) and viral and bacterial genetics (Watson), and relying on their brilliant intuition, persistence, and luck, the two showed that DNA had a structure sufficiently complex and yet elegantly simple enough to be the master molecule of life.

James Watson’s research goals in respect with DNA are quite complex, yet also direct. Watson’s research goals and ideas proliferated after discovering Linus Pauling’s research. In Pauling’s studies, he partially discovered the structure of proteins and formed a model called the A-helix, by using a technique called crystallography. This technique sparked Watson’s interest and he created his research goal by wondering if he could use the same method Pauling did in order to discover the structure of DNA. However, since Watson had little knowledge about the field of crystallography, he had to pursue another scientist help. This eventually led him to London where he met Max Perutz and Francis Crick at Cambridge University.

Deoxyribonucleic acid, commonly known as DNA, was first discovered by Johann Mieschere, a Swiss biologist, in 1869. He made the discovery while studying the nuclei of leukocytes, however the greater significance of this molecule and its structure would not be known until 1951. At that time, scientists did not know the function of DNA, let alone the structure. It was believed that the structure of the mysterious molecule would help uncover its true function. The structure of DNA was solved by James Watson and Francis Crick at the University Of Cambridge, England. They deduced that DNA was made up of chains of nucleotides with one of the four different bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine on the inside and its phosphate backbone on the outside, thus creating the double helix. This discovery could be considered the single most important finding that gave rise to the study of heredity and gene expression. However, Watson and Crick could not have revealed the three-dimensional structure of DNA without the previous contributing research conducted by Erwin Chargaff, Phoebus Levene, and Rosalind Franklin.