How Did Galileo Deny Them To The Sky

Galileo demonstrated his telescope to some Venetian merchants. The Venetian merchants saw the telescopes value for spotting ships. They gave Galileo a salary so that he could produce some telescopes for them. Galileo’s ambition however made him go further. He made a decision to aim the telescope towards the heavens. He published a small booklet, The Starry Messenger, in which he told about his discoveries. He told that the moon was not flat and smooth but that it is round like the earth and had mountains and craters. He saw Venus had phases like the moon, which proved that it rotated around the sun. He also saw that earth was not the only planet to have a moon, but that Jupiter had a moon that did not revolve around the earth.

Written near the time of the letter to Madame Christina, the letter was sent to the Holy Office, who at first did not consider it heresy, but later did. Galileo claimed that his publishings on Copernican theory were merely interpretation of data and not theoretical: “through the Scripture cannot err, nevertheless some of its interpreters and expositors can sometimes err in various ways" Nonetheless, the Church imposed their first condemnation of Galileo at this time (Finocchiaro). This sudden change of heart was due to the fact that certain leaders within the church were offended by his so-called interpretation, claiming that it was in actual fact support of Copernican science. There was no proper investigation done as to whether Galileo’s finding held truth, and the Church accused him of going against Scripture without properly understanding the topic of which Galileo spoke (Langford). The Church had failed to see the difference between Catholic and Aristotelian teachings and saw any attack on Aristotle’s philosophy as an attack on the Church. Therefore, under the rule of the Catholic Church, Galileo was no longer allowed to publish nor teach Copernican

Galileo’s findings from his telescopic observations were revolutionary because he showed that the heavens were not perfect.

Document 3 shows how Galileo’s observations of the moon and laws of motion supported Copernicus’ heliocentric model. He discovered that the moon has craters, and is not a perfect sphere like Aristotle said. This was able to prove that Copernicus was correct. However, the Church disagreed and disliked his work. It was rejected by the Church and he was forced to recant or face execution.

During the time of Galileo, the church was very strict with physicists who believed in the Copernican model. This is exactly the position that Galileo found himself in. In 1600 Galileo began making his own telescope. He became the first person to point one at the night sky. What staggered him the most by doing this was the sheer volume of stars that were not visible with the naked eye. Galileo used his telescope to make many discoveries; one of these is the discovery of Jupiter’s four moons. He even plotted and tracked there rotations around Jupiter. The main thing however, was that Jupiter even had moons, this was proof that the geocentric model was incorrect and that this discovery was in favour of the Copernican model.

For most people of the modern age, a clear distinction exists between the truth as professed by religious belief, and the truth as professed by scientific observation. While there are many people who are able to hold scientific as well as religious views, they tend to hold one or the other as being supreme. Therefore, a religious person may ascribe themselves to certain scientific theories, but they will always fall back on their religious teachings when they seek the ultimate truth, and vice versa for a person with a strong trust in the sciences. For most of the early history of humans, religion and science mingled freely with one another, and at times even lent evidence to support each other as being true. However, this all changed

Galileo was the first European to make systematic observations of the heavens through his improved invention of the telescope. Through his telescope, Galileo made a series of discoveries. Galileo’s observations demolished among the traditional cosmology of what the universe seemed to be composed of. Not only did Galileo make astonishing discoveries, but he was also offered a new position from Grand Duke Cain II of Florence, as his court mathematician. During this time, Galileo was told that he could continue to discuss Copernicanism, as long as he would maintain everything as mathematical supposition, and not as facts. Due to the Inquisitions response, the church attacked the Copernican system since it threaten the Scripture and its’ entire conception of the universe. The new system rose'd much uncertainty that seemed as prudent to simply condemn it. In 1633, Galileo was found guilty of teaching the condemned Copernican system and was then forced to be placed under house arrest. He spent the remaining eight years of life studying mechanics. The principal of motion was the one of the problems that fell under the heading of mechanics. At the end, Galileo made two contributions to the problem of motion. He demonstrated by experimenting uniform force to accelerate

The church wrongfully branded Galileo as a heretic. His contradictory scientific discoveries challenged the doctrine of the church, but was simply a different interpretation of the Bible. In his letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany in 1615, Galileo presented strong arguments on why he wasn’t a heretic. “Hence in expounding the Bible if one were always to confine oneself to the unadorned grammatical meaning, one might fall into error.” Galileo argues that simply taking the Bible at face value, and not reading in between the lines, may cause one to misinterpret the meaning of the text.

In late 1632, after writing Dialogues on the Two Chief World Systems, Galileo was dictated to go to Rome to be investigated by the Holy Office of the Inquisition. In January 1633, a particularly unhealthy Galileo executed an strenuous travel to Rome. There has been much dispute over the circumstances influencing Galileo’s ordeal. There is also contention over the legitimacy of the statements against Galileo, both in terms of their content and judicial procedure. Specifically, he had been encumbered with educating and advocating the Copernican dogma that believes that the Sun is at the center of the cosmos and that the earth

Galileo Galilei was also a supporter of the Copernican Theory. Galileo believed the earth, and other planets, rotated on its axis around the unmoving sun. He used his new invention of the telescope to prove Copernicus’ theory. With the telescope, Galileo found sunspots on the earth’s moon, which gave proof to him that the heavens were not perfect and changeless but were more like the changeable earth. iv He also discovered Jupiter and the four moons that revolved around it. He only discovered one moon revolving around the earth. Galileo therefore stated if Jupiter were to revolve around the earth, then the earth would have to have at least four moons, and it doesn’t. v The Church objected Galileo’s theory because the Bible said the sun moved through the sky. Being totally rejected by the church, Galileo was forced to take back what he had written and was also prevented from any further teachings of his theory. Galileo was condemned by the Catholic Church for his ideas. The Church succeeded in silencing Galileo but couldn’t stop the advancements in science.

Galileo believes that knowledge about the natural world should come from observations and physical evidence, not solely from the words of the Bible. He proves this point by saying “I think that in discussions of physical problems we ought to begin not from the authority of scriptural passages, but from sense-experiences and the necessary demonstrations;”. Galileo clearly believed that the Holy Scripture was meant to be read and understood, not for what the actual words say, but for the meaning that lies beneath the words. Galileo suggests that his opponents should seek the understand the true meaning of the Scripture, this is because he believes that the Bible was written in such a way as for the common person to be able to comprehend it. Galileo shows that he thinks that his idea that the Earth moves around the Sun is not contradicting the Bible because he believes that the Bible is meant to explain other meanings in a way that even an unlearned person can understand, so while his idea varies to the ideas of the time the Bible was written, it does not try to prove the Bible as false.

Prior to Galileo’s time, the Greek and medieval mind, science was a kind of formalism, a means of coordinating data, which had no bearing on the ultimate reality of things. The point was to give order to complicated data, and all that mattered was the hypothesis that was simplest to understand and most convenient. Astronomy and mathematics were regarded as the playthings of intellectuals. They were accounted as having neither philosophical nor theological relevance. There was genuine puzzlement among Churchmen that they had to get involved in a quarrel over planetary orbits.

The premier telescope was founded by Galileo in just one day, and the news of new cosmological galaxies ahead of our planet, “or the heavens” as ancient biblical scriptures denoted the phenomenon of what is ahead of our planet. The minuscule, yet readable book was immediately published after the introduction, and inveiglement of his intention, entitled, “The Starry Messenger” which can still be acquired to this day. The factual book was spread in multiple languages to read a expansive audience, to which is excelled in, and reached immediately publicity from highly educated persons, such as John Donne, a 1611 poet, who wrote the following describing the obscure documentation: “Galileo … who of late hath summoned the other world, the stars to come nearer to him, and give him an account of themselves.” Though the news may be been prevailed as truthful upon publication, the text was seen as heretical, as it antagonized traditional Roman Catholic values, and contradicted beliefs of the revolution of the planets. The text was immediately banned, and all sales were terminated. For the remaining years, Galileo was tried on House Arrest, and was forced to remain in the vacancy of his home, and never depart from his residency for the remainder of his lifetime. The telescope immediately morphed people’s intentions to learn.

Galileo’s observational discoveries in astronomy allowed for the basis to begin discrediting the old ideas in favor of a new understanding of the universe. The longstanding way of thought in astronomy favored a spherically rotating universe around the Earth with unchanging and perfectly symmetrical constellations and planets. The contemporaries of Galileo believed, for example, that the moon had the face of a shiny, polished sphere, whereas Galileo showed that the surface of the moon to be imperfect with rough mountainous areas along with deep valleys (or “seas” as he called them) marked with dark sports (Frova 162). This surface very much paralleled the rough surface of the Earth (meaning that Earth’s surface was not unique). Also with his improved telescope, Galileo was capable of viewing the stars with much more clarity. Galileo discovered newly formed stars and star clusters, which challenged the Aristotelian philosophy of an ageless universe. Additionally, Galileo observed four of Jupiter’s largest moons orbiting around the planet (Frova 179). His observations of Jupiter’s satellites did not agree with the idea that all heavenly bodies must rotate around a central Earth. Finally, and arguably most important, Galileo showed Venus’s phases and

Galileo Galilei became devoted once hearing about Copernicus’s theory that the earth revolves around the sun and finding proof that it was true. Around the 17th century Galileo made a refracting telescope, which he now is very famous for. The refracting telescope works by bending light through glass lenses so that it forms an image. This telescope focuses on light, making distant objects appear brighter, clearer and more magnified. In the refracting telescope there are two lenses. The larger lens is called the objective lens, and the smaller one, where your eye is closest to and looks through, is called the eyepiece. In One of Galileo’s first discoveries using this telescope he saw four new moons orbiting around