How Did The Maccabees Influence The Jewish

The history of Jews in host cities often depict a story of success or of failure when it comes to relations between the Jews and the Christians in Europe. Historian Jonathan Elukin, author of Living Together, Living Apart, presents the integration as a success process with rare, and special cases, of failure. On the other side of the spectrum is historian Raymond P. Scheindlin. Scheindlin’s novel, A Short History of the Jewish People, presents many cases of integration between the Christians and Jews that led to massacres and brutal endings for the Jewish community. There are many monumental events that take place during the long span of time that oversees European Jewish history, and both historians study and evaluate the events, however, they do so through different lenses.

By the year 1000 B.C.E the Jews had founded Israel as their national state (“Jews”). They actively practiced a very distinctive religion, Judaism. Israel was conquered several times and eventually came under the rule of the Roman Empire (“Jews”). During this time, Jews were legal citizens of the Empire. However, the Jews and Christians diverged quickly; the Jews were marginalized for being different and strange. They rejected the belief that Jesus is the Messiah and other christian laws. Eventually the Jewish revolt in 135 C.E. drove the Jews out of Jerusalem (“Jews”). They then lived throughout the Roman Empire and the materializing medieval states. They lived in their own communities called ghettos because they were not allowed to own land

According to a study by Brown, the apostle Paul was likely born in approximately 5 to 10 AD which was during the reign of the emperor Augustus . Paul was a melting pot of several different cultures. At the time, the Hellenistic movement was sweeping the Roman empire; thus the Greek and Roman cultures both had their influences on citizens. So, too, Paul’s parents were of Jewish descent; while he was young, they sent him to Jerusalem to study under a Pharisaic instructor . The intermingling of a multiplicity of cultures renders Paul a very diverse teacher.

The culture of Paul’s time was Greco-Roman. In the fourth century BC Alexander the Great dominated the Near Eastern world and was a strong devotee of Greek culture. He brought the Greek language to the Eastern world, a tongue that became the Lingua franca of early Christianity with

When discussing the leaders of the Hellenistic world, the account of the Jewish Rebellion of the Jewish rebellion states “they caused many evils on the earth”(1 Maccabees, Chapter 1). These evils involved bringing Greek institutions such as gymnasiums to Jerusalem, and removing symbols of Jewish culture. This is in stark contrast to the Hellenic world presented in Plutarch’s account, which was shown to encourage and accept cultural exchange. The account then goes on to report the specific case of the king Antiochus and Jerusalem. Unlike Alexander the Great, who adopted the culture of Persia when he conquered it, Antiochus believed that those in Jerusalem should “give up his customs” and “follow customs strange to the land”(1 Maccabees, Chapter

Alexander the Great, is referred to as being great because of his battles, and how he had conquered all of Greece, Egypt, and the Persian Empire. Alexander conquer all of Greece, Egypt, and the Persian Empire but he didn’t get to conquered all of India. Alexander was great at power, but not great at ruling. The Thebes seemed to absolutely hate how Alexander ruled.

The Second Temple Period as it related to the Jewish people was noticeable by the reconstruction of the Temple in 538 BCE. This took place when the Jewish begun to enlarge this took place nearly six hundred years, as of the late sixth century BCE to 70 CE when the Jerusalem temple was ruined by the Romans. During this phase, Jews lived under foreign rule, during Judaism early development. First to have rule was the Persians this begin in 538-332 BCE. After which came the Hellenistic Kingdoms which were created after Alexander the Great’s capture from 332-63 BCE and concluded with the Romans from 63 BCE to 70 CE and beyond. This era also saw the development of the Sadducees, Pharisees, Zealots and Essenes sects. Within this

The purpose behind this paper is to offer a brief review on a book called “Reading Romans in Context: Paul and Second Temple Judaism” . This review will focus on four major components, first being the editor’s information. The editor’s information will cover education, any positions they hold today, and whatever scholarship information that is currently available. The second thing that will be reviewed will be a concise summary of the major theme of the book followed by the third, an honest and courteous evaluation of the book. The fourth thing that will be added is a bibliography at the end of the paper for reference of the book.

The book under review is titled, Reading Romans in Context: Paul and Second Temple Judaism, edited by Ben C. Blackwell, John K. Goodrich, Jason Maston with a foreword by Francis Watson.

The holocaust had a major effect on Judaism as a whole. This conflict between tragedy and faith is not new. Jewish history shows us that the jewish people have undergone the most terrible persecutions and genocide at the hands of many oppressors. Whether it be about the pogroms, crusades, destruction of the Temples, the jewish people have been at the brunt of the most terrible atrocities, and yet this does not shake their faith,Anti-Semitism was nothing new. This became even more evident with the unmasking of the holocaust.The philosophical question of “Shall the Judge of the earth not do justice?” applies just as much to the seemingly useless suffering of an individual as to that of six million individuals. If it could be dealt with on an individual basis before the Holocaust, why couldn 't it be dealt with in the same way afterwards? The difference is one of quantity, but the quality of the question remains the same.

Throughout the history of the world, the Jewish people have been persecuted and oppressed because of their religious beliefs and faith. Many groups of people have made Jews their scapegoat. Jews have suffered from years of intolerance because people have not understood what the religion really means. They do not understand where and why the religion began, nor the customs of it's people. For one to understand the great hardships, triumphs, and history of the Jewish people one must open-mindedly peruse a greater knowledge of the Jewish people and faith.

Romans is a book in the New Testament that’s was written by the Apostle Paul, somewhere around the winter 56 57 AD from the city of Corinth. The Christians was

Thousands died during their return because of heat exhaustion as they traveled through the desert in the summer. In 323 BCE on June 7, Alexander the Great died. He was 33 years old. It is unknown as to how he died, though many speculate he died of a fever while others say he died of alcohol poisoning. Ancient accounts say Alexander had a high fever after going to a party. Alexander died before he was able to name a successor to his empire. After his death, his empire was split into four parts, each part given to four of his generals. Lysimachus took control of Thrace and part of Asia Minor. Cassander took control of Macedonia and Greece. Ptolemy took Egypt, and Seleucus took the remaining part of Asia. During Alexander’s conquests and campaigns, he spread the Hellenic culture throughout the areas he conquered. He also accomplished the feat of creating a large empire that was united through a similar culture. In his empire, Alexander founded many cities with Greek sounding names and had them modeled after Greek cities. One such city is Alexandria, which had streets like those in Greece and had a temple dedicated to the Greek god

The book of Romans is considered, by many in Christianity, to be the greatest book comprised in the Holy Bible. This is a very strong view to hold, considering the great details of Jesus and His ministry that are given in the book of Luke, the direct, to the point style of truth written by James, and the great lessons of faith in Hebrews. The other books in the New Testament are all great within themselves also but, Romans is very distinctive in itself. Written by the Apostle Paul, Romans can be viewed as the Christian Life handbook or the Christianity 101 manual. When we read Romans, we can see that Paul took every thought and possible counter thought by any

Dr. Elmer Towns and his co-author Ben Gutierrez in their book “In Essence of the New Testament: A Survey” supports the idea and the importance of all Christians grasping the knowledge put forth in the book of Romans. Biblical educators such as Samuel Coleridge and Martin Luther holds Paul’s epistle to the Romans in high esteem (Towns & Gutierrez, 2012). They refer to as “the most profound work in existence and “the purest gospel (Towns & Gutierrez, 2012). These claims are evident when reading Paul’s epistles in the book of Romans, one can feel Jesus Christ’s inspiration in his words and message. In Romans 1:6 -7