How Did Jean Watson Contribute To James Wilkins Research

Over the course of the modern age, the human body was still a mystery waiting to be solved. The body contains secrets one can only hope to discover. Over the twentieth century, scientists tried to understand one of the most complex concepts in the biological field. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) was at the forefront of research. Several theories claimed to have solved the structural concept of DNA. However, it was not until Francis Crick and James D. Watson discovered the true structure, the double helix. However, many potential models of DNA had passed through the biology field until eventual lose of credibility. The past models would contain a fixed detail that would make the entire concept invalid. In James D. Watson book, The Double Helix, he illustrates his path amid incorrect theories until he reaches the model that is taught around the world today.

2. What role did James Watson & Francis Crick play in our understanding of DNA’s structure? They discovered the 3D structure.

In Time Magazine an article states On February 28 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick broke the DNA code and discovered that the DNA strand is double helix and forms like a ladder. They found that cytosine and guanine were paired together and that adenine and thymine were paired. They discovered the building block of life (Wright, 1999). DNA is found in all living organisms.

Also he helped with mapping cancer to help people or warn others, so they will be able to find if they have it. James helped out everyone on this planet and those who are sick or are sick but don’t know it. To be recognized in the scientific community you have to do something amazing. Crick and James Watson's first look toward taking in the structure of DNA missed the goal, but their second look took place in the spring 1953 and brought about the match of the ladder helical look. Which takes after a stepping stool. Their model added how the DNA particle could copy itself. Watson and Crick had looked the work of English scientist Rosalind Franklin, a partner of Maurice Wilkins' at King's College London, to land at their noteworthy disclosure, notwithstanding, her commitment to their discoveries would go generally unrecognized until after her she died. Franklin had made a few unpublished working papers talking about the basic characteristics of DNA, and with her understudy Raymond Gosling had taken a X-ray diffraction picture of DNA, known as Photo 51, which would get to be urgent proof in recognizing the structure of

Two people not in the Cavendish lab, but equally as involved in the discovery of the structure of DNA were Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, from King's College in London. While writing about many of the afore-mentioned individuals Watson emitted a constant attitude of indifference and his actions toward Rosalind Franklin equally reflected that indifference.

Two scientists from Cambridge University named James Watson and Francis Crick were the first ones to actually build the actual structure of the DNA molecule. In building their DNA molecule, they discovered that there were two different types of bases, purines and pyrimidines. Purines were the larger of the two types of bases, and are the double ringed structures [example of nucleotides that fit in this category are adenine (A) and guanine (G)]. Pyrimidines were the smaller of the two types of bases, and are the only single ringed structures [example of nucleotides that fit in this category are cytosine (C) and thymine (T)]. The two scientists also discovered that in the DNA molecule, only two base pairings of nucleotides are possible, adenine (A) with guanine (G) and thymine (T) with cytosine (C). This is because of the improper forming of hydrogen bonds. In a G-C pairing, three hydrogen bonds are formed whereas in an A-T pairing, only two hydrogen bonds are formed.

The discovery started with what was inside the cell, and then they dove deeper looking for what was inside of the chromosomes and that is where they found the DNA structure.

1) Watson and Crick: Used Rosalind Franklin’s x-rays of DNA to conclude that DNA took the shape of a double helix.

While he was researching, he began to study genes. It was thought at that time period that genes were made out of proteins and were able to duplicate themselves, hence the passing on of genes. DNA was considered nothing but a structural support for the proteins. But Watson was not sure of this. Watson read about the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment, conducted by the people in the title, which implied that DNA was the genetic molecule. Watson later went to Copenhagen University for one year of postdoctoral research. At the university, biochemist Herman Kalckar wanted to use bacteriophages as an experimental system to study the synthesis of nucleic acids. Watson, on the other hand, wanted to see what was the structure of DNA. After some inconclusive experiments, he went to Italy. At Italy, Maurice Wilkins was giving a lecture about his X-ray diffraction of DNA. Afterward, Watson was now determined to find DNA's molecular structure. In 1951, Watson went to England at the Stazione Zoologica 'Anton Dohrn' in Naples to perform X-ray diffraction experiments. On 1953, using data from his experiments and other peoples' (some without

Although scientists knew DNA existed, the important characteristic such as its components, shape, and properties remained a mystery for a long period of time. Finally an advancement was made; scientist Rosalind Franklin was able to capture an X-ray image of DNA fibers, commonly referred

Watson’s approach to solving the DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) was to employ model building as done by Linus Pauling at Cal Tech for the alpha-helix structure of proteins. Watson was wary of the fact that Pauling relied on “simple laws of structural chemistry” to solve his model rather complex mathematical approach (Page 27). Such an approach meant that Watson who was trained in the arts of Physics or Chemistry could dabble at the model for a DNA without having to spend an extravagant time required to learn the arts of X-ray crystallography and in depth chemistry. This approach suited Watson’s ambition of a quick shot at the glory he so desired.

Rosalind Franklin used X-ray crystallography to discover the structure of DNA. With the use of X-ray crystallography, or X-ray diffraction, she was able to create Photo 51. With the close examination of this photo and other photos similar, she was able to conclude that the structure of DNA is a double helix. She was the first to successfully discover the correct structure of DNA. Franklin had made a breakthrough in the world of DNA.

In 1953 four scientists: James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin completed a DNA model which they created using observed X-ray diffraction patterns. This model showed how the structure of DNA was able to transmit genetic information from parents to their offspring.

In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick were the first to publish their discovery of a three-dimensional double helix structure in DNA. The discovery of the double helix allowed

Rosalind Franklin’s work on DNA was crucial in discovering the composition of the human body as a whole. Her x-ray photo revealed a double helix structure and she also discovered the A and B form of DNA. She worked through the adversity of being a female in a predominately male dominated realm and made remarkable findings that were eventually stolen. She adapted to a new lab with antiquated technology. Before this discovery, the structure of DNA was thought to be simple. Scientist, Watson and Crick, started with the wrong structure of DNA from a misinterpretation of notes from one of Franklin’s presentations. Unlike Watson and Crick, Rosalind Franklin could explain DNA and how it worked.