How Did The British Conquest Of Afghanistan

In April 1978 Afghanistan’s centrist government, led by President Muhammad Daud Khan, was overthrown by Soviet left-wing military officers, led by a man named Nur Muhammad Taraki. The Soviet Union was in support of the communists in Afghanistan and against the anti communist, “Muslim guerrillas”. The Soviet Union wanted to replace Afghanistan’s existing government to spread communism. The war ended up straining the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union nearly to the breaking point. The United States was not in favor of the Soviet Union trying to invade Afghanistan. This ineffective war lasted eight years, cost many lives and a lot of money, and was often compared to the Vietnam War. The Muslim rebels eventually succeeded

The financial and military support by the Pakistani government, as well as Saudi Arabia, China and United States contributed to withdrawal of Soviet troops form Afghanistan. The Soviets lost 15,000 troops, plus more than 500,000 troops were injured by 1989. The Afghan-Soviet was lasted for a decade and for the Soviet Union it was a costly mistake that historians claim to be a major factor in collapse of Soviet Union several years later. The victory of mujahidin was bitter sweet since more than 1 million Afghan lost their lives and 5 million people were displaced and the the political chaos between the mujahidin faction allowed the Taliban to take control of Afghanistan’s capital city in

For over 2 centuries, Afghanistan has known virtually no time without war. Beginning around 326 B.C. with the conquests of Alexander the Great, to the Persians, British, Russians and most recently, America and our NATO allies, Afghanistan has been cultivated into the country that it is today through a trial by fire. Regardless of this relentless onslaught of foreign military power, the Afghan people have tirelessly defended their homeland with no outside power ever being able to subdue them completely. Following the withdrawal of the Soviet Union in 1989, the country fell into civil war, torn even further apart by fiercely dedicated tribal warlords. This power vacuum led to the rise of a group called the Taliban. Led by a one eyed man

The Afghani experience with the Soviet Union is nothing like Central Asian-Russian relations. Ideologically Russia had the same goal for both Central Asia and Afghanistan, hoping that one day both Central Asia and Afghanistan will eventually become Communist nations. The route chose to accomplish this goal did not pan out as planned. Central Asian countries were first invaded in 1715 and again in 1865, there was little to no resistance. Russia came with economic interest and nothing else, the search for gold and the prospect of the Fergana Valley cotton industry. They lived parallel lives, did not mix with the locals or even attempt to implement themselves in Central Asian government. Central Asia never had the ability to defend itself from Russia and Russia had a legitimate geostrategic interest in controlling the region keeping it safe from any ground

The Soviet troops entered Afghanistan along two ground routes and one air corridor, quickly taking control of the major urban centers, military bases, and the strategic installations. However, the presence of the Soviet troops did not have the desired effect of pacifying the country. On the contrary, it exacerbated a nationalistic feeling, causing the rebellion to spread further. Babrak Karmal, Afghanistan's new president, charged the Soviets with causing an increase in the country's unrest and demanded that the 40th army steps in, and put an end to the rebellion since his own army had proved untrustworthy. Thus, Soviet troops found themselves drawn into fighting against urban uprisings, tribal armies (called Lashkar), and sometimes against mutinying Afghan army units. These forces mostly fought in the open and Soviet airpower and artillery made short work of

When the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan on December 1979, the goal was to help Afghan communist forces set up a communist government. The Soviet Union felt Afghanistan had key resources and a foothold in the Middle East to spread communist ideas. The result would be a war that the Soviet Union wishes it never got involved in and likened to their “Vietnam War”, meaning winning a number of battles but not the war like what happened to the U.S. in Vietnam. The background of the war, outcome of the war, and impact on the United States are key to understanding the Soviet-Afghan War.

During the time period of 1901 to 1919 Afghanistan was ruled by Habidullah Khan. Khan, the son of Abdur Rahman Khan, ascended to the throne

In the early nineteenth century, a zenith emerged as England and Russia sought to conquer Central Asia due to their desire for imperial growth. Britain decided to take a provocative approach to its foreign policy in the Balkans, the Caucasus, Afghanistan, and Persia, which created an unequal balance of power in the region. The British were deeply threatened by Russia’s appearance in Central Asia and they developed an interesting case of Russophobia. As a result, Britain felt the need to combat Russia’s physical presence in Persia to protect their commercial interest, while engaging in a war of the mind. For over a hundred years, historians, diplomats, and scholars have researched and debated the issue of Britain’s foreign policy in Iran and

Zoroastrianism is a very ancient religion, while the prophet Zoroaster created the religion in the 6th century B.C.E the religion emerged from a prehistoric indo-iranian religion dating as far back as 2000 B.C, Zoroaster lived in an otherwise peaceful society that was being torn apart by opposing tribes, he saw the war between tribes as a struggle between good and

The Soviet Afghanistan War of the 20th century wreaked havoc on both countries. 14,453 Soviets forces were killed and 18,000 Afghan forces were killed. The war raged on for 10 years: 1979-1989.

At the time of the Sumerians, religion was polytheistic, meaning the people worshiped multiple gods. They prayed and performed rituals in order to keep the gods happy. When the Persians conquered an empire, monotheism was introduced through their religion of Zoroastrianism. Zoroaster founded the ancient Persian religion that influenced modern day Christianity and Judaism. God came down to Zoroaster many times through the leader of the good forces called Ahura Mazda. Zoroaster tried to spread the message of Ahura Mazda but few listened. Scribes wrote down everything Zoroaster said in the sacred text Zend-Avesta. Pleasing God or the gods remained an important aspect of religion. However, religion changed through the idea of worshiping one God and the establishment of sacred

Despite many attempts of reform and revolution, the Qing Dynasty gradually collapsed. People could barely provide the basic needs for themselves. The wine industry declined along with the empire. Qing Dynasty was defeated in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895), resulting Taiwan was ceded to Japan. Japan has colonized Taiwan for 50 years (1895-1945). In 1907, Japanese colonial government decided to impose liquor production tax because the financial difficulty caused by the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905). The establishment of new taxation caused a major change in the style of the liquor business. The smaller business was driven to close due to large cost increase and some in order to survive they merge into larger companies and corporatized.

Already in a middle of a war, Afghanistan was in trouble times. On December 24,1979 the soviet of russia surprisingly attacked Afghanistan and their citizens. Prior to the attack, the Soviet Union had a long history of supporting and providing aid to Afghanistan, which is surprising since they helped Afghanistan. The Soviet Union invasion had a huge impact on Afghanistan and mostly their citizens. So they were very confused and scared.

The Taliban began to take down the local warlords and feudal system and began to make a name for themselves in the region. This brought the support of neighboring Pakistan, with the ulterior motive of attempting to establish a friendly, stable government in Kabul. The fighting caused a sudden influx of refugees to Pakistan’s border regions, which interfered with Pakistan’s trade. The Taliban eventually gained control of Kandahar, where they acquired their new weapons, and Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. Despite the Taliban’s successes, they had opposition from warlords in the north such as Massoud. Massoud originally had control of Kabul but lost this when the Taliban invaded, pushing him north. Once he was forced to flee, he began to receive outside support from countries such as Russia and Iran. They both feared the growth of the Taliban, and Russia had reason to believe the Taliban was

Zoroastrianism is one of the oldest monotheistic religions in the world today. Its adherents number 250,000, but thousands of years ago it was the state religion of the mighty Persian Empire and one of the most powerful religions in the world. In this paper I will tell you about the history of Zoroastrianism and its founder, Zoroaster, also known as Zarathushtra. I will discuss their scripture, doctrines, and end by examining in detail the commonalities in both doctrine and legend which will illustrate the influence that Zoroastrianism has had on more modern monotheistic religions.