The government introduced the so-called One Hundred Flowers campaign in the spring of 1956 with the slogan "Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred schools of thought contend." The intention was to motivate and enhance creative freedom; the next year, it was extended to include freedom of intellectual expression. Many people construed this to mean an increased tolerance of political expression, but the government did not accept, and the result was a large-scale cleanse and removal of intellectuals and critics of the Communist Party. This was part of what became known as the Cultural Revolution. In an effort to restore his popularity, Mao implemented an attack on his enemies in the Communist Party. Those attacks went beyond the government to include intellectuals, teachers, and scientists, many of whom were sent to work camps in the countryside for "reeducation." Religion was declared illegal which led to the destruction of many temples. Tens of thousands of young people …show more content…
In 1972, U.S. President Richard Nixon made a historic trip to China to meet with Mao, to the beginning a period of improvement and advancement in diplomatic relations with the United States.
Mao died in 1976, which put the country in a state of virtual chaos. His successor was Hua Guofeng, a protégé whom the chairman had promoted through the ranks of the party. However, Mao's wife, Jiang Qing, along with three other officials (Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Hongwen, and Yao Wenyuan), assumed more power in the transitional government. Known as the Gang of Four, they were widely repulsed. When the gang publicly announced its objection to Hua in 1976, Hua had them arrested, an action that was widely accepted. The four politicians were convicted but did not come to trial until
This was a crucial moment for America as it was easing tensions with other communist nations. Nixon also promised a decrease nuclear threat and again, fulfilled his vision of a safer nation. This is proven when he signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks treaty with the Soviet Union that halted the building of nuclear arms. This was a historic and notable moment as it reduced antiballistic missiles and a major threat to the world. As Nixon declared in his second and first address that America will progress in making “lasting peace in the world,” he did so by bombing Cambodia where North Vietnamese kept most of their supplies from, to quickly end the war. Not only this, Nixon also signed the Peace Accords which ended the direct U.S. involvement in Vietnam. This was famously known as Nixon achieving Peace with
Playing the China card was a new way Nixon was able to integrate his idea of linkage politics. His theory was that because China was afraid of the Soviets, they may purse relations with the United States, which in return, would help control the USSR (PBS Nixon
Prior to Communism in China, it was known to be a chaotic country on the brink of self-destruction. With the emergence of the party leader Mao Zedong, came a new hope, which filled its inhabitants with the belief that China would return to its former historical greatness. American and Chinese relations before 1971 were in simple terms described as “uneasy”, due to the American, Soviet Cold War. It was not until President Richard Nixon visited China and realized the high value of having China as a ally that relations between the two powers began to become positive. Unknown at the time, it is assumed in the book Chinese Lessons written by John Pomfret, that the relationships he formed with the people he met in China would change his outlook on life and Communist China forever.
How Did The French Revolution Change Frances Form Of Government? The French. revolution was huge turning point in history of the country France it marked a change from the feudal system France used prior and the over throwing of a monarch during this time Frances economy, government, and rule changed in the way the people decided to change it to.
The Committee of Public Safety preserved the revolution from its enemies, as the Decree of Profiteers was a method of preventing citizens from becoming even more discontent about the state of France at the time, due to the extremely high price point of food along with food shortages, political unrest and, for the Third Estate, their anger about the hierarchical society that left them with a meager quality of life. The Decree forced ‘profiteers’ to bestow crops they were hoarding to increase the profit of their goods. If they tried to hide their commodities it would lead to capital punishment, confiscation of property and all their other possessions.
The begins of Mao’s Cultural Revolution begins with the Hundred Flowers Campaign which took place during 1956-1957, the government embarks on this campaign with the hope that the tension between government and scholars can end, but this approach does not work and backfires. The next event which takes place in the Anti-Rights Campaign (1957-1958), this campaign disciplines those who spoke out during the Hundred flowers Campaign, a significant amount of people lots many jobs due to this and are sent away by government. This leads into the Great Leap Forward (1958-1959), this just happens to be one of Mao’s more intense programs of economic reform, in this program Mao’s main attempt was to modernize China’s economy, the consequence of this resulted in Mao’s having a temporary loss of power. He believed that all he needed to develop was agriculture and industry and believed that both
On February 21, 1972 Richard Nixon decided to visit china. While Nixon is in china he met with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai. The two leaders agreed to expand cultural contacts between their two nations. Americaslibrary.gov states, “Nixon also established plans for a permanent U.S. trade mission in China (1)”. The trade between the United States and China is huge today. One can go to any department store and they will see “Made in China” which has brought in millions of dollars to America and China. This would not be possible without Richard Nixon stepping out and improving relations in China. Another example of how good of a president Richard Nixon was before the Watergate scandal. Many people cannot seem to appreciate the improved relationship with China, because of the crime he committed. This is not fair to Richard Nixon, and is another reason why he should not have been forced to resign as the president of the United
According to Tony McConnell, Nixon was the first president to consider a basic income and was the originator of the Environmental Protection Agency (28). Just like any other president, Nixon made his own policies and impacts on America. Another noteworthy topic of Nixon’s legacy is his foreign policy. McConnell notes that “it could only have been… [Nixon] to make common cause with the Chinese against the Soviet Union” (29). Nixon established nuclear arms control with Russia during the Cold War and establish the diplomatic openings with
Also according to document #5: after Mao Zedong’s rise to power he had set up and launched a 5-year plan from the years 1953-1958. His goal was to get rid of China’s dependence on agriculture to become a “world Power”. He had run manipulate campaigns to manipulate the people to doing and agreeing with what he wanted to g=do by doing “flower campaigns” and “supposed” (hypothetical) willingness to peoples different opinions, showing how he is just tricking people in to doing as he say and pretend to care for the people! Also doc 5 states “Given the freedom to express themselves, some Chinese began openly opposing the Communist Party and questioning its leadership”. Meaning that the people were speaking their mind and often speaking the truth about the ways of the communist party which werent always positive notes. However, later on just after a few months, Mao's government reversed its policy and punished anyone who criticized or was accused to have criticized the Communist Party. And the numbers/amount were believed to be as high as 500,000 people. Showing that Mao was evil because he didn’t want people speaking
Creating the United States was not easy from the start, but instead it took much sacrifice to become what it is today. There were many factors that helped this nation grow from just the original settlers that discovered America. Some of these issues were more monumental than others, such as the political problems we faced in the beginning. Political conflict could easily be named the largest problem in early colonial history. Early colonists had to learn from other governments and face the British in order to create a society and to make that society a freer place to live in. There were many sacrifices made in order to develop the colonies and then to create a new nation from these original colonies. The colonists battled Parliament until there was a Revolutionary War. The Revolution was actually one of the biggest turning points for the colonists, and these sacrifices helped shape this nation in ways that we still see today.
In February 1976, Nixon visited China at the personal invitation of Mao. Nixon had wanted to return to China, but chose to wait until after Ford's own visit in 1975. Nixon remained neutral in the close 1976 primary battle between Ford and Reagan. Ford won, but was defeated by Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter in the general election. The Carter administration had little use for Nixon and blocked his planned trip to Australia, causing the government of Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser to withhold its official
There is, on the other hand, much evidence to support that the campaign was a genuine attempt at reform. In his ‘Contradictions’ speech, given to leading party workers in early 1957, Mao complained of the oppressive way some party officials were applying policies and hinted that it was time to begin permitting intellectuals to voice their opinions. Furthermore, in 1956, he had been tolerant of Hu Feng, a writer who challenged the idea that all artistic merit should be judged based on Marxist-Leninist values, even as other CCP leaders viciously censured him. These two examples show that Mao, although previously disdainful of intellectuals, may have begun to see their importance, and thus may have been honestly inviting their criticism when the Hundred Flowers Campaign began.
In Mao's era, there was also little room for free speech due to the immense censorship that pervaded the period. Individual thinking and Confucian philosophy were renounced with a youth movement, The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, to criticize everything and to revive the spirit of the revolution. Until his death in 1976, when Deng Xiao Ping took control of the Communist Party, Mao accentuated maintaining the revolutionary ideals of communal 'freedom' and the ultimate sacrifice of the individual for the enhancement of China.
President Richard M. Nixon’s administration had to face many international and domestic challenges in the United States between 1968 and 1974, some positive and some negative. His achievements in expanding peaceful relationships with both China and the Soviet Union are contrastingly different with his continuation of the Vietnam War. In the end, Nixon’s scandals and abuse of presidential power caught up to him, and his administration did much to corrode America’s faith in the government.
Mao Zedong used his authoritative power to authorize these youths to eradicate anyone who was a capitalist and not a sufficient revolutionary. The power given to these youths (The Red Guards), made them lose their sites and in turn turned them into the terrorist. They terrorize the entire country, persecuted and brutally murdered innocent educators, traditionalist, scholars, book wormers and any other suspected individuals. Some officials tried to rain on these youths but they didn't succeed. Several officials like Deng and Lin Biao had to fall out of the