Britain Industrialization The industrial revolution is a large part of history that completely changed the world and is still changing the world today. Britain was the first country to start the industrialization revolution, dating back to the 1700’s. Beforehand, British people were focused on surviving. The life span was short at the time and people focused on getting food and living. The revolution started when a new world crop, the potato, was discovered. The potato was a crop that would grow rapidly and people only needed a small amount of land to grow it. Because of this, British people were no longer focused on hunger. It led to a population growth, which resulted in surplus labor and the textile industry to grow to produce enough clothing …show more content…
Making clothes and other products by hand wasn’t fast enough for the population growth. A weaving machine called the flying shuttle was invented in 1733 by James Kay. Workers pulled a cord of rope back and forth to send a small piece of wood across a wood frame through threads of weaving cloth, improving the old hand loom. It was still man powered but it double the amount of product that was produced by one man. Cotton was very inexpensive, strong and easily colored and washed. The British didn’t grow cotton because of the cold weather, resulting in trade in such countries as India and the Southern United States. In the 1764, James Hargreaves invented a machine called the spinning jenny. This machine pulled and twisted cotton fivers to create a strong thread. It was a machine that could fit into homes and be run by unskilled workers including children. In 1769, Richard Arkwright came up with a way to run a new spinning machine with a water wheel, calling it a water frame. Arkwright opened a spinning factory in 1771 with immediate success. In 1774, an inventor by the name of Samuel Crompton combined the spinning and weaving process into one machine, calling it the spinning mule. Edmund Cartwright invented the power loom in 1785, replacing the flying shuttle because it was now powered by steam. Because of these inventions, many cotton mills were formed and many jobs were taken over by
Eli Whitney's machine was the first to clean short-staple cotton. His cotton engine was made of spiked teeth that were on a revolving cylinder which when turned by a crank, pulled the cotton fiber through small openings to separate the seeds from the lint. L-ter on, the gins became horse-drawn and were powered by water. As a result, the cotton was being produced at a much faster pace. The price of cotton also decreased. Cotton soon became the number one selling good.
Introduction of the factory system was earth shattering and increased manufacturing for the cotton and iron industry which effected cities and the population distribution. There were four inventions that changed manufacturing and the way people worked. Some inventions included the spinning Jenny, Crompton’s Mule, and the Self acting Mule, and the Water Frame. “In 1764, Hargreaves invented a new spinning wheel. He called it the spinning jenny in honor of his wife. This simple machine allowed one spinner to work six or eight threads at a time.” (course reader 102) The Spinning Jenny was a machine that helped the people sew clothes faster. Then came Cromptons Mule, “In 1779, Samuel Crompton combined features of the spinning jenny and the water-frame
Mechanization began in the textile mills in England where a weaving machine attached to a wheel could do the work of 50 people. Fuel, clothing, and food, all became more affordable. The innovations in this field were intimately interconnected. The invention of the flying shuttle by John Kay in 1733 dramatically increased the speed of weaving, which in turn created demand for yarn, which led to inventions like the spinning jenny or the water frame. These processes were mechanized using waterpower, until the steam engine came along..
This useful device made it much easier to produce string and yarn from raw cotton, strong enough to serve as the warp thread in looms. With a few investors he built several mills across England and Scotland to produce yarn for massed-produced clothing which made him one of the largest names of his time. He showed unusual ability to organise and systematize work into large, coordinated factories. He also built cottages near his mills to house his workers. Furthermore, the ability to lower the cost of producing clothing boosted the
In such a unique nation where the average person is family oriented and running a family owned farm and/or business their was bound to be room for change. In 1793 Samuel Slater, a born European created the first cotton spinning factory in Pawtuckett. This is said to be one of the many things that sparked Industrial Development in America. This project alone sparked the need for more cotton to be produced at a faster rate which brought upon the creation of the cotton gin. New growth in any field brings more than what meets the eye. The cotton gin producing more cotton made it neccassary for a new form aof transport to be developed. Shortly after the country started to adapt textile mills started to pop up
“Changes in textile machinery [included] the flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, power loom, and the cotton gin,” Doc. 6. Three of the most important were the flying shuttle, the spinning jenny, and the cotton gin. The flying shuttle and the Spinning Jenny were very important because they both increased the speed, and saved time. The Cotton gin was also important because it separated the seed from the cotton, which is one of the hardest steps. They had many great inventions, which helped to start the Industrial Revolution and to keep it
The changes in the textile industry helped in industrialization. John Kay wanted to increase speed of waving by making the flying shuttle, others created the spinning jenny, water frame, power loom, and cotton gin (Doc 6). In this there was some innovations to increase speed of factories.
According to Factory systems (document 7), the cotton spinning mill help made clothes a lot cheaper because everyone could have their own Factory system. This was very helpful because resources were more easy to access and everyone had it available to them. Also, according to document 4, clothes were made faster and cheaper and with the new invention called the Power Loom it was a lot more productive. The Power Loom impacted daily life by making clothes at a much faster rate and providing more products for everyone.
Once Eli Whitney's cotton gin showed it was possible to separate cotton seeds from fiber faster than if done by hand, raw cotton could be shipped to northern mills to manufacture cloth. The New England textile industry grew dramatically once Francis Lowell brought the British industrial revolution to America in the early 1800s. Elias Howe made factory-based clothing manufacturing possible by 1846 when he created the sewing machine (Kelly). Mill girls were an innovative and integral part of America's industrial revolution (Durway 8). They represented a major turning point in American labor practices.
The industrial revolution was a time of great change in Europe. Many of those changes were brought about by mechanical inventions that greatly increased efficiency by which raw materials were processed. "While working in the sciences and tinkering with mechanics, a few people were able to come up with new ways of doing things. New machines were invented" (MacroHistory and World Report) Three significant machines that were invented during this time period that greatly increased the cotton industry were the cotton gin, the spinning jenny, and the power loom. Since cotton was one of the major cash crops exported by the colonies to England, it is important to understand these inventions in order to grasp the changes brought about by this trio of machines on the cotton industry.
There were two key inventions that had a huge impact on the Industrial Revolution. John Kay, an English engineer invented the flying shuttle. They flying shuttle was a machine that made cotton workers capable of weaving much faster. Kay received the patent for the flying shuttle on May 26, 1733. Thirty-one years late in 1764, an English carpenter name James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny. This machine multiplied the amount of yarn produced. The only setback was that the spinning jenny produced only one type of yarn needed for weaving (Bruno 158). Then another inventor, Richard Arkwright, made the water frame. This invention made it possible to produce the other type of yarn needed and required much waterpower. The new spinning machine that Arkwright invented was made of a frame, which was too large and too expensive to fit in a small cottage. In The Timetable of Technology, it states that Arkwright is the founder of the modern factory. He is named the founder because he built a house for his new water frame, and then employed one thousand people to work the spinning machine. This new factory started operating in
In addition to the plentiful raw materials that England supplied, Britain had an expanding economy to support their industrialization. With the help of Britain's stable government and new investors, factories were able to quickly adapt to newly purchased machinery. The Industrial Revolution was further spurred by a resolution of new technology. These new inventions and expansion of factories led to a rapid increase in wealth of the overall nation. Which led the decrease in prices to come from the introduction of machines. For example, the creation of the well known cotton gin, by Eli Whitney helped revolutionized the production of cotton. Before, the cotton process took a long period of time and extensive work to produce a widely traded product. Whitney’s new tecnhioldingal invention was able to show tremendous growth in efficiency. This machine helped by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber. By the mid-19th century, cotton had became America’s leading export. In other words, this machine was designed to spin and weave the fabric, which helped to expand the Industrial Revolution’s productivity. This picture displays the sketches made to depict the parts of the original cotton gin. These gins were an important invention because it dramatically reduced the amount of time it took to separate cotton seeds from cotton fiber. This was one of the key
The earliest factories in England came up by the 1730s and, with the technology enabled production processes like carding, twisting, spinning and rolling became faster and easier consequentially, between 1760 and 1787 raw cotton imports to British cotton industry rose from 2.5 million pounds to 22 million pounds. On the contrary, the traditional market of cotton cloth from India witnessed a steady decline from 30 per cent around 1800 to 15 per cent by 1815 and to 3 percent in 1870s. While exports of cloth declined rapidly, export of raw materials increased equally fast. Between 1812 and 1871, the share of raw cotton exports rose from 5 per cent to 35 per cent. This was not something triggered by the industrial revolution but the protectionist measures of the British t which imposed tariffs on cloth imports. The creation of cotton mill by Richard Arkwright brought processes under one roof and management, allowing better supervision, quality control, and the regulation of labour. Thus not only the trade the way business of production was handled also underwent a quantum change.
Be the 1750's, the Industrial Revolution had begun. In the beginning, inventions were limited to cotton weaving. This quickly changed with new inventions such as the spinning jenny and the water powered frame. A problem existed in which yarn was not being fed fast enough to the weaver, but in 1769 the spinning jenny and the water powered frame solved this problem by providing yarn faster. Edmund Cartwright, in 1880, invented the power loom, and it combined both the machine's characteristics and purposes in one machine. Cleaning cotton was always an extremely difficult and time consuming job. In 1793, Eli Whitney created a brilliant invention, the cotton gin. This marvelous invention could clean cotton 50 times faster then the average person. These new inventions all assisted the manufacturing of cotton goods by speeding up the process. (members.aol).
Some of the most important advancements came in the production of cotton, where several inventions stood out: John Kay's flying shuttle of 1733, which greatly increased weaving speed; James Hargreaves spinning jenny, which made possible the automatic production of thread; Richard Arkwright’s water frame; and Edmund Cartwright’s machine loom. It was the textile industry that pioneered the Industrial Revolution and its innovators encouraged others to continue the technological advancements that made Britain's economy flourish.