How Did The Portuguese Influence On Chinese Society

While under the rule of the Emperor Qianlong, China’s foreign policy and trade was beginning to unfold and open up to Europe. Qianlong, however, still maintained a strict and regulated administration of all foreign trade and foreign ability to exist within China. “ It is true that Europeans, in the service of the dynasty, have been permitted to live at Peking, but they are compelled to adopt Chinese dress, they are strictly confined to their own precincts and are never permitted to return home.” All outside interactions with China could only be permitted if ‘in the

During the 15th and 16th century, exploration became the new norm of society. Each individual country had their own motives, reasons and goals regarding voyages across land and sea. For instance, Christopher Columbus, in the name of Spain, voyaged out to find an alternative route to Asia. The Portuguese, tried to increase their knowledge about trading. Moreover, while some traveled to increase their powers, Zheng He, of China, traveled to discover raw resources and generate more capital into China’s economy. If we compare the maritime policies of the kingdom of Spain and Portugal on the one hand and the Ming Empire on the other the differences in motives clearly outweigh the similarities between these two societies. For example, the Kingdoms of Spain and Portugal traveled to spread Christianity, to gain land, to rule over new subjects and to spread their power throughout the different continents, while as the Ming Dynasty was only interested in capital and new/raw resources.

During the 1300’s each empire during this time had a religion that was significant to their state and impacted them, this includes the Ottomans and the Ming. During the time period of the Ming dynasty, they based their states’ religion of Neo-Confucianism or “new-Confucianism”. Neo-Confucianism incorporates aspects of Buddhism and Taoism into tradition Confucian beliefs. Their religion had a significant impact on their State. After the Mongols conquered and ruled China, as a result China disunited. One of the main reasons the Ming Dynasty lasted long as an empire, was for the reason the restored and recenter China after the destruction of the Mongols. And their religion benefited them, for it helped unite china. Having one common religion upon an empire, would eventually cause the areas within the empire to unite. In addition the religion of the Ottoman Empire had a similar impact on its society. The ottomans were a Muslim based empire, but unlike other empires they didn’t force people within their empire to convert

The Chinese were greatly influenced because of trade. Marco Polo was a political influence because of trade. He left Venice, and crossed Persia and Central Asia to reach China. He then spent seventeen years in the emperor's service. Finally Marco Polo returned home and wrote an account of the splendor and wealth of China, which would not become popular until the printing press invention.

In the year 1500, Ming China enforced an isolationist policy for trade. China had totally separated itself from the outside world, and private international trade was made unlawful. Just certain trade was permitted, for example, the Japanese were permitted in an assigned port like clockwork. Be that as it may, around the mid-1500s, a few Europeans came to Guangzhou to exchange. After this, in 1517, a Portuguese endeavor arrived, however, the gathering was placed in prison. Fortunately, in 1557, the Ming court and the Portuguese agreed to a settlement, formally making Macau, a region on the south shoreline of China, a legitimate exchanging port for the Portuguese. Later on, exchanging got to be allowed among the Chinese once more, and was no

In terms of the Chinese tribute system we examined in class, the leaders of China’s voyages dealt with leaders of countries they visited by treating them based on the tribute gifts they received. Under Confucian civilization, China often received tribute from the foreign states they visited and gave them Chinese products and recognition of their authority and sovereignty in return. There were several tribute states to China including neighboring countries such as Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, Borneo, Indonesia, South Asia and Central Asia. However when countries stopped paying tribute to China, there were often tensions. During the Zheng He expeditions many goods were carried to build tribute relationships between the Ming Dynasty and newly discovered kingdoms. An example of the a tribute gift given was an eyeglass given to Zhu Di by Parameswara of Malaca. “Of all the tributes Zhu Di received that summer from the many envoys

During 1450 C.E to 1750 C.E, the Qing empire’s method of conquest differed from the Portuguese’s method as the Qing sought to acquire more neighboring­land territory due to concerns for security instead of being more focused on establishing trade posts in distant lands and islands for control of commerce like the Portuguese. Another difference in the form of conquest between the Qing and Portuguese empire’s lays in their specific use of either superior naval technology that the Portuguese held, which could devastate merchant ships in the Indian Ocean or a powerful military army used by the Qing empire. However, both the methods the empires used for conquest shared the same type of aggressiveness involved in the force of arms relating to the Portuguese’s way of

1. Trade rights and religious perceptions affected how Matteo Ricci viewed relations with china by taking a different strategy than the other missionaries. “…the Jesuit Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) encouraged his followers to immerse themselves in the language and to become conversant with the rich traditions of Chinese literature (Source 21.2, Ricci, Matteo, in Patterns of World History, Vol. 2, p. S21-4)”. Instead of limiting their training in Chinese language and culture and focusing merely on the conversion of the poor, the Jesuits instead immersed themselves in the Chinese language and high culture of the empire. They gained recognition through their advanced knowledge in mathematics, astronomy, military science and other European learning required by the imperial

The Chinese and European cultures came together for the first time in the fifteenth century when great Chinese fleets traveled throughout the Indian Ocean and along the coast of Africa. These voyages created much concern for China. They lead to a period of isolation for security reasons. By the time the first Europeans arrived in China there was little to no evidence of these voyages. (Mungello 2005) Fallowing that time the Chinese government proceeded with a policy of containment to the trade merchants and missionaries that would visit them in the coming centuries. This paper will server an explanation to why China and Europe at first embraced each other then rejected each others

In this early time of the missionary work, late Ming China was in a state of being more culturally open. During this period the Jesuits had successes converting prominent scholar-officials. The Jesuits learned they couldn’t convert people to Christianity if it was presented as an independent concept, so they came to blend Confucianism (the religion most popular to the literati) with Christianity. Culturally during this time the Ming dynasty possessed a lesser sense Confucian orthodoxy. They were willing to synthesize various teachings of the different religions into a harmonious unity. The Jesuits used the open spirit of the Ming to blend Christianity with Confucianism. Combining religions gave an advantage to the Jesuits because they could present Christianity as something already familiar in some concepts as the religion already practiced by the literati. Even while blending Confucianism with Christianity, they also criticized Buddhism and Daoism religions that were seen as lower class. By appealing to the upper class in this was they gained a few prominent converts in the 17th century and even Xu, one of highest official member of the Ming dynasty. As a testament to the effect this

During this time, Henry the V was King of England and the world was still considered to be flat. The Ming Dynasty ruled from 1368-1644, and the third emperor had a goal to enhance the prestige of his throne, he wanted to expand trade and diplomatic contacts with the outside world through a Tribute System. The Tribute System was the traditional Chinese system for managing foreign relations by establishing the rules and controlling the means by which foreign countries entered into and conduced their relations with China. The Chinese found the tributary system an effective mechanism for exacting compliance from neighboring states and peoples on important matters of political, defensive, economic, and diplomatic concern to China. It served as “pulling power” to the Chinese. The emperor planned a series of voyages to win tribute and allegiance from the rulers of the Indian Ocean. He was particularly keen to recruit Arabs since they had always played a big role in links between east and west. It was claimed that the last great Ming voyage was a global exploration venture that took the Chinese to every continent except

The reason why I'm deciding to trade with Europeans is that the Ming seemed to have more success trading goods with the Europeans. They weren't able to convince every empire to trade goods with them. The positive impacts are that the Empires paid them tribute to trade with them so they did rituals and stuff for them. Since they wanted to trade with China since

Chinese has always been a confident nation most of the time. As they believe that China is the Celestial Empire of the world, Chinese rulers and scholars are reluctant to accept heterodox knowledge, especially religion. For hundreds of years, Confucianism had been the essence of Chinese Philosophy. However, By the middle of the second century A.D, the great Han Empire was on the edge of disintegration. “The upper level of Han socio-political order was riven by conflict

Before Europeans further decided to explore and imperialize Qing China, Chinese government and society was strictly conservative in the sense that they were rarely exposed to outside influences. Being considerably isolated from expansion, imperialism, and industrialization in the west, it took the people of China by surprise when suddenly Chinese power began switching between the Western nations, all of whom were fighting for dominance. These Western pressures changed how the Chinese incorporated Europeans into their society, they had to sign unequal treaties and push for reforms while still trying to maintain Chinese tradition. However, being forced to succumb to European power did not completely change their view of foreigners, or stop their

After the reign of the Tang Dynasty, the influence of the Chinese was nearing its completion, both in religion and culture. The following years spanning 794 to 1185 was known as the Heian period. The Heian period can be classified into 3 distinct phases over its four centuries. Early Heian (794-951), Middle Heian or Fujiwara (951-1086), and Late Heian or Insei (1086-1185). During the Early Heian Period the shift in power from Buddhist community back to the Aristocratic families is fully realized. The Court culture that was heavily adopted from Tang Chinese influences facilitated this shift. Buddhism makes a transition from a cultural state presence to a set of complex philosophies.