How Different Activities Like Exercise, Postural Changes, And Cognitive Thinking Change Arterial Pressure

When the cuff is fully inflated to a certain maximum pressure, depending on the patient, typically 180 mmHg, no blood flow occurs through the artery. As it is slowly deflated a series of bounding motions can be heard. The first of these numbers will be recorded as the systolic pressure, while the last of these numbers will be recorded as the diastolic pressure. A BP reading, given in mmHg, has two numbers. The upper number, the systolic pressure, measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats. The lower number, the diastolic pressure, measures the pressure in your arteries between beats. Some people experience, what is referred to as, “white coat hypertension.” This is a type of hypertension wherein the patient believes the office to be a stressful environment and, as a result, their BP is artificially higher. There are certain prerequisites before getting BP taken: you can neither drink coffee nor smoke cigarettes for half an hour prior, you must use the restroom as bladder volume may influence BP reading, and you must sit for five minutes beforehand. To accurately diagnose someone, the doctor must take separate reading, on different days, at different times. The ABCDE mnemonic can be used to help determine the presence of hypertension: Accuracy of diagnosis, obstructive sleep apnea, aldosteronism, presence of renal artery; Bruits,

(Marieb and Hoehn, 2010, p 703) defined Blood Pressure (BP) as ‘the force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood, and is expressed in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg)’. BP is still one of the essential and widely used assessment tools in healthcare settings. Nurses generally record the arterial BP which is the forced exerted blood that flows through the arteries, to establish a baseline and to determine any risk factors. BP

This experiment was carried out as noted about in Procedure 1. The resting heart rate was established and used as a baseline value from which to compare all future deviations. While data could

Deacreased vascular resistance and increased arterial pressure causes an increase in blood flow. This is important to supply organs with oxygen. 4. Restate your predictions that were correct and give data from your experiment that support them. Restate your predictions that were not correct and correct them with supporting data from your experiment. MAP would increase due to increase in activity, SVR would decrease due to decrease in resistance, CO would increase due to more force of blood being expelled.

The range of normal resting systolic BP for the subjects in this experiment is 115-125 mmHg. Did systolic BP increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?

If the resistance increases, cardiac output decreases and the blood pressure increase and if the resistance decreases, cardiac output increase and the blood pressure decreases. During each contraction, the amount of blood pumped out by one ventricle is stroke volume. The number of heartbeat in each minute is known as heart rate. The normal heart rate value for adult is 60-100 beats per minute. The cardiac output is directly proportional to the stroke volume and heart rate. The average arterial pressure during one cardiac cycle is mean arterial pressure (MAP), which is directly related to the cardiac output and resistance. The instrument sphygmomanometer with an air cuff attached to the reservoir is used to detect blood pressure associated with the pulse.

It is the measurement of the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls. A blood pressure cuff and a stethoscope is what are used to measure this. While taking you blood pressure two numbers are recorded; Systolic pressure and Diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure is the higher number that refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts and pumps blood through the body. Diastolic pressure is the lower number and refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart is at rest and is filling with blood. Having high blood pressure can increase the risk of coronary heart disease (i.e. heart attack, stroke).

Unit D: Human Systems in Biology 20 is one of the main sections that becomes relatable to the Program of Studies (POS) for the Heart Rate and Exercise LabQuest activity. General Outcome #2 focuses on how students will explain the role of the circulatory systems and defense systems in maintaining an internal equilibrium. This further goes into measuring the students level of understanding the concepts of heart rate and the factors that affect it (Alberta Education, p. 41). Heart rate can then branch out into concepts of maximum heart rate, resting heart rate and recovery time. Through the LabQuest experiment, the main affecting factor was exercise and how that relates back to the fitness level of an individual [20-D2.3s]. Other key concepts found in the lab’s analysis questions then dealt with disorders of the heart [20–D2. 2sts]. Students are additionally "conducting investigations into relationships between and among observable variables" through the use of tools to gather information in regards to their heart rates [20–D2.2s]. Through group work activities, they are achieving collaborative work in measuring heart rate and other factors relating to the circulatory system [20-D2.4s]. To analyze and interpret, the POS explicitly states that students have the option in determining, from available data, the relationship between blood pressure and exercise [20–D2.3s a]. For the simulation, predominantly at the high school level, the

Blood pressure is defined as the force exerted by the blood against the inner walls of the blood vessels. Determined by the flow blood and resistance to that flow. It is expressed by systolic pressure over diastolic pressure.

In our practice, as the pressure in the cuff is adjusted to fall gradually from above systolic, no sound is heard. Note the pressure at which the first 'tapping' sound is heard. This is the systolic pressure. As the pressure in the bag is reduced further the sound first becomes quieter, then changes to a louder tapping. With further decreases in pressure, the sound changes again from a tapping sound to a blowing noise. The pressure at which this change occurs recorded as the diastolic pressure. Further reduction in cuff pressure leads to the total disappearance of any sound. Posture change definitely affect both arterial blood pressure and pulse rate. After standing for several minutes we obtained 121/84 mm hg for blood pressure and 100 pulse/min for pulse. After reclining for 1 minute, the result come out as expected that both arterial pressure and pulse rate decrease to 120/69 mm Hg with 102 pulse/min.

Blood pressure is a force applied by blood that push against the arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that send oxygenated blood to the heart and throughout the rest of the body. To calculate blood pressure, use a blood pressure machine which shows the two types of pressures, systolic and diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure happens when the heart is decreasing and diastolic pressure is the pressure the occurs when the heart expands. Systolic pressure is always over diastolic pressure and the average is 120/80 mmHg. (S. Jose, E-12) Blood pressure is measured in mmHg which stands for millimeter of mercury.

As blood flows through all parts of the body, it exerts a pressure on the walls of the arteries carrying it. Blood pressure reflects this force through two numbers, the systolic and the diastolic.

The two constituents of blood pressure are systolic pressure and diastolic pressure; the highest and lowest pressure readings during ventricular systole and diastole, respectively. Pulse pressure is the difference between these two readings and represents the blood being pushed into the aorta from the left ventricle. However, a blood pressure value can be given as an average pressure in the arteries which forces the flow of blood from the heart. This value is the mean arterial pressure (MAP). Cardiac output (CO) and Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR) are the physiological determinants of MAP. “CO is the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in a given period of time” (Silverthorn, 2007). It is determined by the heart rate (HR), which is the number of beats per minute, and the stroke volume (SV), which is the volume of blood pumped by a ventricle during a contraction. Venous return is the volume of blood with returns to the heart via the vena cava. With reference to the Frank-Starling relationship, if CO increases, venous return should also increase, however changes in vasoconstriction can affect the venous return, thus effecting MAP. According to Poiseuille’s Law, the radius of the arterioles directly impacts the resistance of blood flow to peripheral circulation, which is termed TPR. Blood volume also impacts the MAP. A larger blood volume will exert more pressure on the arterioles and therefore increase blood pressure. Furthermore, the kidneys can filter the blood

When the blood pressure of a patient is taken, it is common practice to measure it with the patient sitting in the up-right position with the arm resting on the arm of a chair and feet flat on the floor. The reference point for the measurement of BP is the right atrium, the so-called ‘heart level’ (Guyton, 1986). Though, the guidelines of the World Health Organistation/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) recommend that the BP be measured with the patient comfortably seated with the arms supported at heart level (1993). It has been proposed that BP should be measured in the sitting, standing, and the supine position (Netea 2003). It is suggested that the BP measurement from the sitting and supine position will produce similar results if the extremity is at the level of the heart. Because the upper extremities are easily accessible by medical professionals, they are utilized more-so than the lower extremities. In order to obtain an approximant heart level in the sitting or standing position, resources suggest that we use the level of the midsternum as a point of reference when taking blood pressure measurements (Netea 2003). For the supine position, resources suggest that the heart level lies approximately half the distance between the surface in which the patient is lying on and the top of the sternum (Netea 2003).

amount of pressure exerted on arterial walls in the patient’s heart. Blood pressure is measured in