How Different Gender Will Affect The Reaction Rate Of 13

In order to test this hypothesis, an experimental study was designed to calculate the time it takes for participants to respond to a cue under control or experimental conditions.

Gender differences have been recorded by researches from single neurons in the cell to system level processes (Cahill 2006), and certain scientists proposed that sex hormones influence the development of prefrontal cortex, and this is supposed to be the cause of the differences in working memory performance (Duff & Hampson, 2001). This study further investigated the existence and nature of this gender difference. A sample of 497 Monash University psychology undergraduates (385 females and 112 males; ages 18 – 64) were recruited for this study. Working memory performance was tested with online 'spatial working memory ' test, and 2D:4D finger length ratio was used as an indirect measure of sex hormone levels. The results revealed no sex differences in the working memory performance, but variance in 2D:4D ratio – females had a larger ratio than males. Memory reaction time was negatively correlated with 2D:4D ratio, thus, females had a quicker reaction time.

To first understand the importance of the clinical reaction time test, the physiological pathways involved in reaction time must first be

1. What are some things in your life you must react to quickly? You need to react quickly when you are in danger, and you need to get away. You also need to react quickly when you are in a car so you don’t get hurt

The reaction timer from Maths Is Fun (2014) is specific to three decimal places. The accuracy of the chosen source reduces the risk of statistical measures being slightly greater or less than they would be if only one or two decimal places were provided. Unlike other reaction timers that are available online, this particular source requires the subject to complete five trials before the mean is calculated. Undertaking multiple trials will be vital to this investigation because if the subject was to anticipate the event or have one delayed response, the trials that follow would reveal such errors, therefore increasing the reliability of the results.

This study examined visual perception and the rates at which global and local features are reacted to with an aim of replicating and validating a previous experiment conducted by Navon (1977) to see if global processing was faster than local processing. There was 222 University of Newcastle students participating in the experiment, partaking in two phases, one centred round global processing, the other around local processing, where there reaction times were recorded using a computer program and imputed into a data worksheet. Results indicated that, as predicted, global processing occurred at a faster rate than local processing. It was concluded that global features were

The participants for this study were recruited from a Spring 2013 Experimental Psychology Undergraduate Course at Queens College, City University of New York. The research study was IRB approved and the participants for this study were not compensated. However, by remaining in the course, the students gave consent to participate in all studies. There were a total of 22 participants, 20 being females and two males. The participants consisted of 21 right-handed individuals and one left-handed. The mean age was 21.09 years, and the standard deviation for age was 1.02.

Reaction time is defined as: "…the amount of time between the occurrence of an event (such as a car pulling out into the road) and a person's response (hitting the brakes)."- http://epsych.msstate.edu/deliberate/SimpleRT/index.html?6yesLeft.html

Gurian presented six differences between males and females in Chapter 1, including chemical, hormonal, and emotion processing, and how they influence an individuals learning process. The chemicals serotonin, dopamine, oxytocin, vasopressin, estrogen and testosterone are processed differently in males and females. Males have 52 percent more serotonin, which regulates mood and anxiety levels, than females. Females with lower serotonin levels often suffer from depression, while males are often identified as Attention Deficit. Another chemical, dopamine, a neurotransmitter, controls the brain's reward and pleasure centers as well as helping to regulate movement and emotional responses. Dopamine can be stimulated differently in males and females effecting movement, increased chances of addiction, difficulty with paying attention, impulsivity, and more sensation-seeking individuals dependent upon their concentrations. Although, oxytocin, vasopressin, estrogen and testosterone are chemicals produced by the body, they are created by hormones.

Differences in brain structure between males and females result in important differences in perceptions, emotional expressions, priorities and behaviors. (*) Relationship traits, problem solving approaches, mathematical abilities, reactions to stress, language, emotions, brain size, pain perception, spatial ability and susceptibility to disorders are just some areas in which men and women react differently because of their differences in brain structure. (*) To some scientists and theorists these many influential biological differences between men and women make gender roles inevitable. (*)

In her scientific work Sex Differences in the Brain Kimura analysis several key differences that cause men and women to excel in various tasks and jobs due to naturally occurring phenomenon in the body and

The two independent variables were luminant cue patches (light cue, dark cue and equiluminant cue) and location of the cue and target (valid side with cue and target on same side and invalid side with cue and target on opposite sides). The dependent variable was participants’ reaction time in millisecond.

Reaction time is the interval of time it takes for someone to detect something and to react to it. For an average driver with no distractions, it can take them around 1.5 seconds to react. If they were distracted, from music or mobile phones, it could take them up to 3 seconds to react.

The reaction time (RT) of students was measured in the experiment to determine whether light or sound stimulus initiates a quicker response time. The question of whether or not RT was related to movement time (MT) was also challenged. Each student performed two test in random order; one testing the reaction time of a red light stimulus, or visual reaction time (VRT); and the other testing the reaction time of a “beeping” sound stimulus, or auditory reaction time (ART). The student completed the VRT trial by simply receiving the stimulus and pressing a button. The student placing and holding their hand on a button starts the ART trial. Once the student receives the stimulus (beep) they press the adjacent button as fast as they can. The ART trial does not only include the data of the RT, but also the data from the MT. Having previous knowledge that light travels faster than sound; one can predict that VRT is faster than ART. The prediction that MT is independent upon RT can be made with the thought that there are so many opposing variables that could affect the MT of an individual unrelated RT such as old age

To find out what happens to a subject’s reaction time when different independent variables are applied.