How Do African Americans Use Metaphysical Forms Of Discipline?

The diversity in ethnicities and cultures throughout the world is extreme. These cultures come with different visions in disciplinary action whether it seems logical or not in other points of views. The world has different perspectives and different people to back up their reasons behind the actions taken. The main controversy that has been taken on for years in several parts of the world is the debate of whether or not spanking, as a disciplinary action for children when they are misbehaving. As expressed in these three articles: “Today’s Child Abuse Creates Tomorrow’s Criminals” by Chandre Gould, “The Overwhelming Evidence Against Spanking” by Meghan Leahy, and “Disciplinary Spanking is Not Child Abuse” by Okey, Chigbo; there are severa pros and cons to an action such as spanking. This specific disciplinary action can affect the life of a human being for either a short term and long term effect.

When it comes to disciplining a child, some parents will resort to spanking, or better known in the South as a “whupping”. “The origins of the anti-spanking prohibition have a lot to do with two social phenomena of postwar America: the rise of popular psychology and the breakup of the extended family (4). Those who were spanking as children argue that they “turned out just fine”, and these parents believe that spanking is the most effective form of punishment, while there have been studies conducted that have interesting results that may come as a shock to those parents. Their studies have concluded that spanking could lead to many negative effects throughout the child’s life and on into adulthood. The scholars who

What is the definition of discipline and abuse? What does it mean to discipline you child? Where is the line drawn between discipline and abuse? Why do we spank or not spank our children? Culturally where did this form of discipline come from? These are questions that I have always wondered along with many others, and they will be answered with in this paper from the view point of cultural differences between African Americans and White Americans.

Hitting Kids: American Parenting and Physical Punishment. (2014, November 6). Retrieved September 14, 2015, from http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/social-mobility-memos/posts/2014/11/06-parenting-hitting-mobility-reeves

While this review of literature on spanking children is limited in finding evidence in supporting spanking, the research available that opposes spanking is rather compelling. The findings from the reviewed articles provide advice to parents, both new and long-time, on how to discipline their children if they want their children to have the best outcomes. The studies that have been reviewed are only a small amount of what has been published regarding the negative impacts that spanking can have on children. Additionally, this research may be a start for a move in society to begin viewing spanking as a negative child-rearing practice. While there is a lot more research that could be reviewed on this topic, high levels of aggression, behavioral problems, and

In the textbook, Invitation to the Life Span by Kathleen Stassen Berger contains a section on how children are discipline in different cultures. Berger provided sources from Micheal J. MacKenzie and his colleagues on how different gender, ethnicity, and age plays a role in spanking children. It is said that mothers tend to use this method more often than fathers and boys in African American homes tend to have a greater chance of being spanked. I learned that in order to study the development in diverse setting, people have to do background research and possible studies to see as to why people do certain things like spanking. It is also good to considered every possible factor that could play a part. For instance in this finding, it is good

When the choice is made to use spanking as a disciplinary method, children are often left with more negative psychological results than parents intend. Parental behavior is the supposed to be an example to children of what love looks

Ninety-five percent of all toddlers in the United States have been physically disciplined at some point in their short lives (Magnuson, & Waldfogel, 2005). There exists a conflicting message from our country’s systems around how we protect and rear our children. Physical forms of discipline including, “hitting or slapping, spanking, hitting with an object, or other forms of physical contact [for behavior modification]” (Magnuson, & Waldfogel, 2005, p. 178), are not allowed in non-parental settings such as daycare, schools, and children’s programming and yet the majority of our country’s parents have at some point or are currently spanking their children in the homes. Numerous studies have been conducted linking the use of physical discipline

In 2014 UNICEF reported that 80% of parents in the world support spanking (Holeman and Wire). Another study conducted in 2012 exposed that 70% of parents that live in America, also, support the use of spanking (Perry). Despite the majority in favor of spanking, there are numerous debates about whether spanking is an effective way to discipline your child or not. In result of the debates, many researchers have conducted studies based solely on the outcomes of spanking. A great number of the studies have concluded that there is a positive correlation between spanking and aggression, mental illness, and antisocial behaviors in the future. Despite the current view on spanking, researches have

Most parents want to raise their kids to be well disciplined. This can prove to be a challenging task, depending on the temperament of the child or children that they are raising. Therefore, spanking, a form of corporal punishment, becomes a parent’s way of disciplining their child. Today, the practice of spanking is not as widely accepted as it was in the past. The big question is whether or not this change in social norms is more or less effective in the lives of children?

With new upcoming generations and a changing society, traditional practices of how people live are changing; arguably for the better or worse. Some of these changes include the controversial to spank or not to spank question, in which new studies are aiming to show the effects of spanking on children. “With more than 30 years of research, we can now visualize accurately how spanking can alter a child’s perception.” (Scrock 2009) Although spanking has been the “go-to” way of discipline, it is starting to be looked on as a form of child abuse. After all, there are great reasons as to why organizations like the American Psychological Association and American Academy of Pediatrics condemn spanking. We will talk about the problems spanking causes in children, the misconception on why parents do it, and how to properly discipline your child. This essay argues that parents should not spank their child and should instead turn to other measures of discipline.

Furthermore, their over-all conclusion is that spanking and externalizing behaviors will continue. They speculate that discipline and externalizing conduct will transact by nature and discipline. They expect greater stages of negative conduct after waves of greater externalizing behavior that is linked to greater levels of decreased spanking. Next, they theorize that race and ethnicity will not restrain the cross- lag relations between spanking and externalizing behavior. Last, they examine the differences in sex, which has been understudied. Regardless, of the various amounts of spanking and externalizing behavior of sex, the data offer little theoretical direction for expectation around potential sex differences below develop pathways.

Over the past several decades, parents have used different forms of corporal punishment to discipline their child. Many of these disciplinary techniques are effective however, one that tends to continue to be a controversial topic is spanking. Some parents believe this method fixes the behavior, though other parents believe spanking is the lazy approach. Spanking a child as a form of punishment is not a new concept and is used widely however, a multitude of effects arise from this practice, including later marriages and future relationships. Therefore, a solution to end this act needs to resolve this habit. This solution will give tips to parents to choose other discipline method.

They will accept their punishment and comply in a short amount of time (“10 Prevailing Pros...” 1-2). A child will respect authority when they know every wrongdoing gets some kind of physical consequence, and the child will not repeat bad behaviors by reinforcement (1). A mother remembers fearing the paddle, which she says is a good thing. When the crime meets the punishment, she feels that there would be fewer bad children if more parents did spank. In one year, ninety-four percent of three and four year olds have been spanked. Seventy-four percent of mothers think spanking is alright for kids one to three (O’Callaghan 1). Compared to non-parents, parents view physical punishment as more common than people without children (Marcus 2-3). Majority of the population thinks that spanking is barbaric basing it off of abuses rather than the biblical model. Many parents who think that way have problems at home including conflicts all the time, loss of control, and no way to fix the problems. Since opposers buy into the stereotypical model of spanking where out-of-control parents and religious extremists beat children instead of disciplining them, they reject the entire idea. Because parents do not know how to spank, they think spanking should not be done at all (Ingram 3), but “The Bible never implies that the rod of discipline should be violent”

The authors first identified the determinants of spanking through a review of works on spanking. (Berline et al. 2009;). They found that gender of the children played a factor, which boys more likely to be spanked than girls. (4). They also found the age, experience, mental health, temperament, family background, and life experience of the mother to be major factors. (5). They also found race and socioeconomic status to be factors, with African-American children being more likely to be spanked at all ages and children in lower income families more likely to be spanked. (5).