African Americans agree with spanking more often than Whites (Flynn 1994). Bradley (1998) found the opposite attitudes about spanking. African American parents preferred to use nonphysical forms of discipline. African American parents are more authoritative when it comes to discipline. Corporal punishment was only used if the parent’s power was tested. When the child test the power of a parent a form of deviance has occurred. If physical punishment occurs a belt, or spanking with an open hand is used (Bradley, 1998). Individual rates differ for who agree with spanking a child. African American rates range from 56.4% to 81.8%. Whites rates range from 30.8% to 56.9%. When it comes to the 3-4-year-old group no significant race differences in attitudes
In the south, corporal punishment is something that is often seen at home and at school; it is apart of black southern culture. It is often said that children got whippings because their parents loved them. At a time before the turn of the 21st century, the types of spankings that most black children endured from their parents would very much be considered child abuse today. A correlation can be drawn between the patriarchal and paternalist ideals of corporal punishments enacted by men Like William Byrd and Landon Carter to the way it is viewed by those alive and born during the Baby boom
Among Vietnamese families is to tie a misbehaving child 's ear to a doorknob as punishment.in some other culture a child could be beaten/whip and physical injury inflicted as a means of discipline. To them their action is normal based on their cultural believe. (Mclntyre et al 1992) The American middle-class culture is one of the few that uses positive reinforcement procedures while limiting punishment when deemed necessary, a mild, spanking may be administered, although a more frequent practice is to isolate the misbehaving child, withdrawing love and affection for a period of time (Mclntyre et al 1992). These majority culture parents perceive their methods as being more humane than those that incorporate physical punishment. However, other cultural/ethnic groups often view the dominant culture style as being crueler. (Mclntyre et al 1992). While some culturally diverse guardians may use quickly administered physical punishment, they would never hint at an emotional separation from their progeny that might create feelings of rejection in the child. (Mclntyre et al 1992)
In the textbook, Invitation to the Life Span by Kathleen Stassen Berger contains a section on how children are discipline in different cultures. Berger provided sources from Micheal J. MacKenzie and his colleagues on how different gender, ethnicity, and age plays a role in spanking children. It is said that mothers tend to use this method more often than fathers and boys in African American homes tend to have a greater chance of being spanked. I learned that in order to study the development in diverse setting, people have to do background research and possible studies to see as to why people do certain things like spanking. It is also good to considered every possible factor that could play a part. For instance in this finding, it is good
The diversity in ethnicities and cultures throughout the world is extreme. These cultures come with different visions in disciplinary action whether it seems logical or not in other points of views. The world has different perspectives and different people to back up their reasons behind the actions taken. The main controversy that has been taken on for years in several parts of the world is the debate of whether or not spanking, as a disciplinary action for children when they are misbehaving. As expressed in these three articles: “Today’s Child Abuse Creates Tomorrow’s Criminals” by Chandre Gould, “The Overwhelming Evidence Against Spanking” by Meghan Leahy, and “Disciplinary Spanking is Not Child Abuse” by Okey, Chigbo; there are severa pros and cons to an action such as spanking. This specific disciplinary action can affect the life of a human being for either a short term and long term effect.
When the choice is made to use spanking as a disciplinary method, children are often left with more negative psychological results than parents intend. Parental behavior is the supposed to be an example to children of what love looks
Hitting Kids: American Parenting and Physical Punishment. (2014, November 6). Retrieved September 14, 2015, from http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/social-mobility-memos/posts/2014/11/06-parenting-hitting-mobility-reeves
While this review of literature on spanking children is limited in finding evidence in supporting spanking, the research available that opposes spanking is rather compelling. The findings from the reviewed articles provide advice to parents, both new and long-time, on how to discipline their children if they want their children to have the best outcomes. The studies that have been reviewed are only a small amount of what has been published regarding the negative impacts that spanking can have on children. Additionally, this research may be a start for a move in society to begin viewing spanking as a negative child-rearing practice. While there is a lot more research that could be reviewed on this topic, high levels of aggression, behavioral problems, and
With new upcoming generations and a changing society, traditional practices of how people live are changing; arguably for the better or worse. Some of these changes include the controversial to spank or not to spank question, in which new studies are aiming to show the effects of spanking on children. “With more than 30 years of research, we can now visualize accurately how spanking can alter a child’s perception.” (Scrock 2009) Although spanking has been the “go-to” way of discipline, it is starting to be looked on as a form of child abuse. After all, there are great reasons as to why organizations like the American Psychological Association and American Academy of Pediatrics condemn spanking. We will talk about the problems spanking causes in children, the misconception on why parents do it, and how to properly discipline your child. This essay argues that parents should not spank their child and should instead turn to other measures of discipline.
What is the definition of discipline and abuse? What does it mean to discipline you child? Where is the line drawn between discipline and abuse? Why do we spank or not spank our children? Culturally where did this form of discipline come from? These are questions that I have always wondered along with many others, and they will be answered with in this paper from the view point of cultural differences between African Americans and White Americans.
Most parents want to raise their kids to be well disciplined. This can prove to be a challenging task, depending on the temperament of the child or children that they are raising. Therefore, spanking, a form of corporal punishment, becomes a parent’s way of disciplining their child. Today, the practice of spanking is not as widely accepted as it was in the past. The big question is whether or not this change in social norms is more or less effective in the lives of children?
A recent study shows 70 percent of parents believe it is right to discipline a child through physical means. Most commonly, parents will spank their children but being hit with things like belts or other objects happens as well. Parenting methods haven’t changed much with time and discipline in similar no matter the country. With more studies out to find the most effective method of parenting and discipline it’s coming to attention whether or not physical harm is the best way to teach children. Parents want what is best for their children, so it is important to constantly bring up and question methods commonly accepted in the past. One method that is becoming more controversial is spanking children. Though it is still considered normal to do, it is gaining more traction and more studies are being done to find the problems it causes. Checking on parenting methods can be difficult as everyone is raised differently. It is also difficult to test which forms of punishment lead to certain outcomes. However, there is a trend of negative effects from hitting. Gershoff acknowledges, “several national professional organizations have called on parents to abandon spanking as a child rearing practice and for professionals to recommend disciplinary alternatives to spanking.” Spanking children is a terrible discipline method as it has negative effects.
In 2014 UNICEF reported that 80% of parents in the world support spanking (Holeman and Wire). Another study conducted in 2012 exposed that 70% of parents that live in America, also, support the use of spanking (Perry). Despite the majority in favor of spanking, there are numerous debates about whether spanking is an effective way to discipline your child or not. In result of the debates, many researchers have conducted studies based solely on the outcomes of spanking. A great number of the studies have concluded that there is a positive correlation between spanking and aggression, mental illness, and antisocial behaviors in the future. Despite the current view on spanking, researches have
Over the past several decades, parents have used different forms of corporal punishment to discipline their child. Many of these disciplinary techniques are effective however, one that tends to continue to be a controversial topic is spanking. Some parents believe this method fixes the behavior, though other parents believe spanking is the lazy approach. Spanking a child as a form of punishment is not a new concept and is used widely however, a multitude of effects arise from this practice, including later marriages and future relationships. Therefore, a solution to end this act needs to resolve this habit. This solution will give tips to parents to choose other discipline method.
The authors first identified the determinants of spanking through a review of works on spanking. (Berline et al. 2009;). They found that gender of the children played a factor, which boys more likely to be spanked than girls. (4). They also found the age, experience, mental health, temperament, family background, and life experience of the mother to be major factors. (5). They also found race and socioeconomic status to be factors, with African-American children being more likely to be spanked at all ages and children in lower income families more likely to be spanked. (5).
Furthermore, their over-all conclusion is that spanking and externalizing behaviors will continue. They speculate that discipline and externalizing conduct will transact by nature and discipline. They expect greater stages of negative conduct after waves of greater externalizing behavior that is linked to greater levels of decreased spanking. Next, they theorize that race and ethnicity will not restrain the cross- lag relations between spanking and externalizing behavior. Last, they examine the differences in sex, which has been understudied. Regardless, of the various amounts of spanking and externalizing behavior of sex, the data offer little theoretical direction for expectation around potential sex differences below develop pathways.