How Do Living Organisms Pass Traits From Generation To The Next?

Dawkins believes that DNA has two pivotal roles. One role being their ability to replicate, and the other role is to create proteins. Proteins constitute much of the physical portion of a body as well as play a role in many of the chemical processes. Along with this, Dawkins stresses that genes have various effects on different portions of a body. Some portions are influenced by only a few select genes while others are under the control of several. It is the overwhelming combinations of genes that give bodies their uniqueness.

Traits get passed down from one generation to the next through Meiosis (cell division), where each parent gives you one Gene for each trait.

Proteins are the main structure of the cell, they help with function and do the largest amount of work in the cell. Next there is a code that gets from the nucleus to a readable form by our bodies through a process called protein synthesis. There are two steps to protein synthesis, Transcription and Translation. These both help with the genetic coding of the DNA which takes place in the nucleus of the cell. Transcription is when the genetic information from the double helix of the DNA is replicated into a new molecule of mRNA. Translation which takes place in the cytoplasm, is when that newly created mRNA molecule is formed into a sequence of amino acids during the process of protein synthesis. That is when those amino acids can start creating codons which are three nucleotides formed together in a genetic code. If a code is not translated correctly then a mutation can occur. A mutation when a change occurs in the DNA sequence when coding a gene, which can cause different diseases such as

Do you know who the Father of genetics is? No, OK well in this text I will tell you who he is. The name that I was talking about is Gregor Mendel. In this text I will be talking about his younger life and college life, then I will be talking about his experiments with peas. I think that you should learn about him not only how genetics work but also so you can learn about the tool and how they learn about things back then.

Genetic traits are specific characteristics of an organism. An example of a genetic trait is, if your mother has brown eyes and your father has blue eyes you may have ended up with brown eyes. Your father's blue eyes are a recessive trait, and although you have an allele for blue eyes, the dark eye allele that you received from your mother will cover up the expression of the blue eye. This relates to me because my father has brown eyes and my mother has green eyes. My father's eye color was the dominate allele and my mother’s was recessive allele. Because of the dominance of the brown I ended up with having brown eyes. This is one way how genetic traits have affected me.

Without DNA you are basically nothing in flesh. DNA is what makes you, you. Without it you wouldn’t be able to know who you are. Polypeptides are chains of amino acids. Polypeptides are formed on the ribosomes when one part of a strand of DNA is broken. Ribosomes make polypeptides by stringing amino acids together. Amino acids are simple organic compounds containing carboxyl and an amino group. Proteins use a least one or more polypeptide molecule. A codon is basically a hydrogen bond stringing two molecules together. It’s a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in DNA or RNA molecule. When three nucleotides form it is called a triplet. A triplet contains three bases in the mRNA strand. Each triplet in mRNA causes a corresponding

Proteins and DNA are related because they interact with each other in such a way that DNA encodes protein. For example, DNA is made of a specific formation of nucleotides, which provides information about which amino acids should be synthesized to create proteins. Therefore, DNA and its composition play a vital role in the production of proteins, portraying a very significant relationship.

The DNA molecule is a double chain of nucleotides that can be divided into ¨bytes¨ of information, that we call genes, and each of these genes come together to create a specific protein. These proteins are those that

When discussing the topic of genetics, it is typically viewed from the perspective of Mendelian inheritance in which genes are transmitted from parent to offspring solely through the use of genetic alleles, which are the alternative form of genes that have varying DNA sequences and chromosomes that affect the phenotype, visual gene trait (Toth. 2015). If and how a genetic trait is expressed is whether the alleles for that trait are dominant or recessive. Dominant alleles are genes that have a higher probability of being expressed in the offspring than a recessive allele. In the case of dominate alleles; there are two possible combinations that its gene can still be expressed with, homozygous (which contains two dominant alleles) and heterozygous (which contains a dominant and recessive allele). On the other hand, recessive alleles can only be expressive if it is homozygous (which contains two recessive alleles) (Reece et al. 2013).

DNA is an element that influence in a genetic order used in the progress and working of all known living creatures and many viruses. DNA form together with proteins and fibres to establishes the three main macromolecules essential for all recognized forms of life.

DNA is also known as Deoxyribonucleic acid, it codes the genetic information that is used in the expansion and functioning of all known living organisms and diseases. Frederich Meisher was the Swiss biochemist that first discovered DNA in the late 1800s, but not until a century later was it that researchers released the importance of the DNA molecule. DNA contains the biological instructions that make each species unique. One important feature of DNA is that it can replicate itself; each single strand in the double helix structure can function as a pattern for copying the order of bases. This is incredibly important for as and when cells divide because each new cell needs to have a precise copy of the DNA existent in the old cell.

“In the 19th century, the Austrian monk, Gregor Mendel, discovered basic patterns of inheritance. Traits pass from parent to offspring in an organized and predictable way. Although the scientists that followed in Mendel’s footsteps had no concrete understanding of what caused these distinct patterns, they knew that the explanation of inheritance would have to account for them,” and “By the 1940s and 50s, scientists were getting closer to a physical explanation of how parents pass on traits to their offspring.” (Stuart). This discovery alone by the “Austrian monk, Gregor Mendel” is what lead the further discovery of what DNA could be (Stuart). Thus other scientists joined into

Genetics is the study of how hereditary characteristics or genes are inherited. The studies of genetics have first been recognized by Gregor Mendel. Gregor Mendel studied how traits were passed down from parent to offspring using pea plants. It was later discovered that Mendel’s law of inheritance not only worked for pea plants but also on, animals and humans. Mendel’s experiments gave rise to the importance of chromosomes in genetic experiments, crossing over, and linkage. Thomas H. Morgan experimented on Drosophila melanogaster, fruit flies to give further analysis of Mendel’s two laws of inheritance. Morgan’s work have been recognized for discovery of sex-linked genes and the importance of understanding genes for medical practice, in which he discusses in his Nobel Prize lecture; “The relation of genetics to physiology and medicine.”

The development of what constitutes as a gene began with the experiments by Gregor Mendel in 1865 identifying the process of heredity to determine trait variation. Crossing and breading of the pea plants led to the discovery of dominant and recessive traits, heterozygotic and homozygotic inheritance, and the relationship between the genotype and phenotype of an individual. His experiments challenged the previous hypothesis that characteristics were inherited from parents and blended to result in the observed characteristic. (Mendel, 1866) In light of Mendel’s paper, Wilhelm Johannsen coined the name ‘Gene’ in 1909,

This unit will focus on DNA, gene expression, and basic patterns of heredity. The main objective of this unit is to provide opportunities for students to learn general concepts that are associated with genetics and to create a better understanding of inheritance and its’ relationship to genetic diseases. According to standards set by the Next Generation Science Standards which are endorsed by the National Science Teachers Association, students should be able to analyze and interpret data to provide evidence that plants and animals have traits inherited from parents and that variation of these traits exists in a group of similar organisms. Additionally, students should be able to ask questions to clarify the role of DNA and chromosomes have in coding the instructions for characteristic traits passed from parents to offspring (NGSS, 2016). Students should have the opportunity to learn how genetics affects past generations as well as learn how genetics and inheritance influences our past, present, and future. Understanding even the simplest genetic cross requires combining inferences about two complex processes: how genetic traits are inherited through meiosis and mating, and how these traits interact to produce the external differences seen in parents and offspring. Students should also have opportunities to learn the basic concepts of genetics that provide an increased understanding of heredity, DNA, and specifically genetic diseases (MDE, 2010). The ultimate