How Does Activity with the Sensorial Materials Encourage Observation and Perception of the Environment?

Early childhood is the most important phase of development in one’s lifespan as the experiences during childhood sets the course for later stages of development. It has been noted that a mother’s actions during pregnancy may influence the development of an infant. The developmental influences include prenatal, perinatal and neonatal environments. (Santrock, 2002) Although babies come into the world with no say or control over which family they will be placed into, or the environment in which they will begin to live in, theorists agree that the first two years are crucial, with early emotional, physical and social development influenced by the infant’s biological and environmental factors (Sigelman, Rider, & De-George Walker, 2013). The

The parents, in this case, are critical social agents to help the toddler learn how to develop. The third stage according to Erikson is the initiative stage where the child uses their imagination to fulfill ideas expressing themselves freely. They also imitate their parents, wanting to take responsibilities and to act as an adult. Being unable to fulfill the ideas creates a feeling of guilt, thus finding a balance is important for the successful advance of this stage. Erikson’s t 4th stage explains the confidence and difficulties of learning to read or write, things children wish to achieve but are insecure to do because they compare themselves with others. The process seems overwhelming but it is a natural process of learning that takes the time to master. Freud in this stages mentioned before explains the pleasure derived from urination in the anal stage, from stimulating genitals and from the attraction to others in the phallic stage. The latency stage described by Freud agrees more with the 4th stage since the child turns his attention to school work and

According to Winnicott, there are three stages in infant development. In stage one, undifferentiated unity, the child must feel connected to the mother. The mother fulfils this need through feeding, bathing and holding the child. In doing so, the child feels all powerful, and incomplete control of the mother. Their every need is met, and they want for nothing. However, Winnicott warns that if a mother fails to respond adequately to the child’s needs, this will hinder the development of healthy future relationships, including the relationship with one self.

Childhood is a biological and temporal period: In Ailwood, Boyd & Theobald (2016) states childhood is a phase of the dependence of basic needs as well as a period of biological growth. Age also has a factor in the view of childhood as Lassonde (cited in Ailwood, Boyd & Theobald 2016, p. 36) states age as ‘an important framework for assessing the capacities, rights, and obligations of children’. Historically childhood, as considered from birth to five years as children were considered not to have contributed to the ‘adult world’ (Ailwood, Boyd & Theobald

A child develops through its whole life. They can develop; physically, linguistically, intellectually, socially and behaviourally. “Physical development is the way in which the body increases in skill and becomes more complex in its performance” [Meggitt, 2000, Page 2]. Twenty five days after conception; the body of the chid has developed immensely from the small fertilised egg. Up to birth the foetus mainly develops physically however once the child is born the child then begins the long process of development. Not only do the gross motor skills and the fine motor skills develop on the baby, but the sensory development also widens on the child.

The child is learning form a young age to be sensitive to the beginning of others and to show some type of emotion when they have a problem. When a child is trained at such a young age about these things,

Childhood is a time when a person grows not only physically, but intellectually and emotionally. As a child develops they become more independent and able to do thing for themselves without relying on adults for help. Childhood is a time where language is developed and younger children learn through play, it is also a time when personalities develop and discipline is learnt.

Infancy, is referred to the period of development of a child before the motor skills are developed enough to allow movement at will, it is a span of time that varies from birth to 1 years of age, in which a child sees the fastest rate of growth during its life. The term infancy is derived from the Latin word “infantia” which means unable to talk. It is at this crucial stage of development that we as humans undergo a series of major changes, ranging from physical to emotional. It is estimated that within the first year of life infants will triple their weight, (D. Hutchison, Dimensions of Human Behavior) for the first months of life an infant copes with the outside world by a series of involuntary reflexes such as grasping and suckling, such

Childhood has its own ways of seeing, thinking, and feeling which are proper to it/ child’s mind considered as a blank state to be inscribed by experience: the infant is often compared to a ‘white paper’ to be written over or to a plastic substance (wax) to be molded

There is a strong connection between the senses and the formation of our perception. Traditionally, the sense categories are known as sight, smell, sound, taste and touch. The modern perspective views the senses as systems in which information about our external world is acquired; visual, auditory, olfactory, gestation and haptic (tactile) systems. Architecture in the sense of environmental design is “the art of nourishing these senses.” In order to receive information from the environment, each sense organ is part of a sensory system which receives and transmits sensory information to the brain. How the human body engages space is of prime importance; as the human body moves, sees, smells, touches, hears and even tastes within a space – the

Childhood is a very important time period where we lay the foundation to our children's emotional and psychological outlook. Similarly, childhood is the only time when a child's behavioural patterns are developed and makes him or her more open towards change.

this time, the baby's heart is beating, major organs are formed and maturing, facial features are

0-3 years From the stages between 0-3 year’s children are learning their reflexes, about people around them, how to play alongside others etc. During this stage it is very important that all children get every type development without any problems as this may cause harsh conditions for them in the future.

Infants are a special cohort of a population in the society. Children between the ages of five months to two years are at a stage where they start familiarizing with their surroundings and have different reactions to situations. The surrounding where an infant grows greatly determines his or her development. The primary determinant of the development of infants is the parent-infant interaction (Crain, 2015). The first bond or relation of a child is with its biological parents or guardians in the case of orphaned children.

Observation of an infant in the family setting 'provides the observer with an opportunity to encounter primitive emotional states in the infant and his family...' (Rustin in Miller, 1989, 7). According to Rustin infant observation allows to 'explore the emotional events between infant and mother' and 'the aim is to describe the development of the relationship between infant and others (...) and try to understand the unconscious aspects of behaviour and patterns of communication' (Rustin in Miller, 1989, 7). Early infant observation plays a vital role in the psychodynamic training and it gives a thesis of how early emotional development is being influenced by subconscious family dynamics.