How Does Chlorine Kills Pathogens

Microchemlab.com states that a zone of inhibition is a qualitative method used clinically to measure antibiotic resistance and industrially to test the ability of solids and textiles to inhibit microbial growth. Researchers who develop antimicrobial textiles, surfaces, and liquids use this test as a quick and easy way to measure and compare levels of inhibitory activity (“Zone of Inhibition Test for Antimicrobial Activity”). The control of the experiment is distilled water. The independent variable is the different house cleaning products, and the dependant variable is the amount of growth or decline in the bacteria. Time, temperature, and amount of household household item are all constants in this experiment. Time needs to remain the same for all the products because time affects how well the bacteria grows. The temperature is required to stay the same as well because it can directly manipulate the rate of growth in the bacteria, and large amounts of the household item can offset the bacteria’s growth as

The chemicals that Clorox bleach contains are water, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chloride, coco-betaine, fragrance, sodium carbonate, sodium chlorate, sodium hydroxide, sodium [olyacrylate, and sodium xylene sulfonate. Sodium hypochlorite has several short term potential health risks such as causing irritation and burns when in contact with skin, causing eye damage and irritation when in contact with eyes, irritating the nose, throat, and lungs upon inhalation, which can cause shortness of breath and pulmonary edema at higher exposures, and can also cause headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Chronic health effects include bronchitis after repeated exposure to inhalation. Fragrance can cause skin irritation, allergy, and has been linked to organ system toxicity. Sodium carbonate can be corrosive to the gastro intestinal tract if ingested. It can also cause blistering when in contact with skin and can be corrosive to eyes and cause conjuctival edema and corneal destruction. Sodium chlorate can irritate and burn skin and eyes, and can cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as damage the kidneys and affect the liver. High levels of sodium chlorate can reduce the body’s ability to transport oxygen and at very high levels, exposure can lead to death. Sodium hydroxide is corrosive to skin and

The problem with chlorine is that it reacts with organic matter in water to form chloroform, a known carcinogen. The efficiency of chlorines disinfection capabilities depends on the free chlorine in the water. Free chlorine refers to the amount of chlorine in the water after the demand for chlorine in the water has been satisfied. In other words, the free chlorine is the one that’s available to disinfect or kill microorganisms. Since the free chlorine in hot tub water is recommended to be around 3-5 ppm, this means that there will be a higher concentration of chloroform in the tub water than in for example tap water that has free chlorine level of only 1-2ppm when leaving the treatment plant. In addition the high temperature of the water combined with the aeration by the jet bubbles will enhance the

The use of chlorine revolutionized pool sanitation and cleanliness in the early 1900s. While there have been large improvements in the construction of pools since the mid-twentieth century, the products available for sanitation and the policies regarding them remain mostly the same today. Chlorine is excellent at keeping bacteria levels down in pools, but there are still improvements to be made and caution must be used during pool maintenance. Chlorine can cause deterioration of the cornea and respiratory issues, including an increase in asthma among individuals who frequent indoor pools. Additionally, chlorinated water runoff from pools and hot tubs into waterways can be detrimental to wildlife, even at rates as low as 0.011 ppm (Olsen,

It is surprising how many ways humans use chlorine. One way humans use chlorine is to kill bacteria and germs in pools. It cleanses the pool so when people go swimming, they will not get sick. Chlorine is also used to make paper. Scientists use it to drain all the color to make it white. Chlorine is also used in the water purification process. It kills bacteria in the water system before it enters a house. Chlorine is also found in many common things like, bleach. Bleach makes clothes white to take out at the stains. The salt many people have on their table is composed up of one sodium and one chlorine atom. There are not natural sources of chlorine in its pure element (gas) form. But it is mostly found in the earth's crust along with sodium, potassium, and manganese chlorides. The impacts chlorine has on the environment depends on how long it is the environment and how much of the substance is present. Sometimes chlorine combines to form harmful chemicals that gets into water

Hydrogen chloride, which is a gas, will exist in ionized form when combined with water to form hydrochloric acid.

I think the bleach will be most effective in killing the germs because it is the strongest substance and the water will be least effective because it is the weakest substance.

As the leader of this clan, I chose to bring chlorine because I believe the chemical properties will be important as a wound disinfectant and to help purify water. The first important chemical property of chlorine is it’s solution when mixed with water to help kill bacteria in a wound. According to a website called https://www.leaf.tv/articles/the-effects-of-pool-chlorine-on-healing-wounds/ “When chlorine in the water penetrates the skin, it will help kill the bacteria in the wound.” This property is very important on the island for any medical issues that might occur while on the island. Even though, we hope for no medical issues to arise there is always the possibility and we want to ensure that, that has the littlest possible chance of happening,

Chloramines are disinfectants used to treat drinking water. Chloramines are intended to quickly kill most bacteria, viruses, etc, but we are now using chloramines as a matter of convenience, there are far safer alternatives.

The way chlorine kills the bacteria is because chlorine splits into different chemicals like HOCI (Hypochlorous acid) and OCI (Hypochlorite ion). HOCI and OCI both dissolve in water. These two chemicals kills bacteria and they do that by attacking the lipids in the cell. HOCI is able to oxidise (loss of electrons) organisms in seconds and OCI is able to oxidise (loss of electrons) organisms in about 30 minutes. This means that chlorine kills bacteria straight away because of the HOCI but then the OCI kills bacteria later for example people who go into the swimming later. Also chlorine does not harm us humans but maybe you get some dry skin or hair. This is really effective because HOCI and OCI in the chlorine kills bacteria which can make

1- To examine the possibility of Dichlorvos being persistent and undergoing long range transport across the globe , several physical properties were brought into perspective to make these conclusions. The vapor pressure for dichlorvos was found to be 0.012 mm Hg (1.6 x 10-3 kPa) at 20 °C.(1) (2) The vapour pressure tells us that Dichlorvos is volatile thus increasing the possibility of it being a global pollutant. The Octanol water partition coeffcient (log P) was found to be 1.47.(3) The half-life of dichlorvos in water varies between 20 to 80 hours at pH between 4-9 .(4) (5) Dichlorvos doesn’t accumulate in animals or plants, and almost all of the Dichlorvos applied in greenhouses and food storage areas is broken down in 3 to 6 hours.

If a colored, oxidizable material is present, hypochlorous acid releases its oxygen to oxidize the material to a colorless compound. Liquid bleach is usually an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite, and dry powder bleaches contain chloride of lime. Since chlorine destroys silk and wool, commercial hypochlorite bleaches should never be used on these fibers. Chlorine is also used as a disinfectant. The oxidizing ability of chloride of lime enables it to destroy bacteria; therefore large amounts are used to treat municipal water systems.

The main focus for this report is the disinfection section. During the disinfection process different chlorine products are added to the filtered water to remove harmful microorganisms. When the disinfectant is added “free

CSI is the only disinfection method for which multiple field evaluations of efficacy have been published in the peer-reviewed literature. The efficacy of CSI has also been well documented in long-term care facilities, and in office and apartment buildings. The efficacy of CSI in eradicating Legionella has been documented in hospitals worldwide using a multiple-hospital survey in 16 hospitals with 5-11 years of experience. Just within five years of treatment with CSI, half of the hospitals successfully decreased their Legionella to 0%. The installation of a CSI system eliminated the Legionella from the water and no cases of Legionnaires Disease have been diagnosed. These we hospitals that had previously utilized other disinfection methods such as attempted other disinfection methods including superheat and flush, ultraviolet light, and hyperchlorination but were

Our group was interested in this Chemical because it is a very common, readily used household cleaning agent. Originally we chose Clorox bleach because it is commonly referred to as highly toxic and lethal. We wanted to know more about its chemical makeup to better understand the dangers that come while using Clorox bleach.