Shakespeare’s Hamlet was published toward the end of Queen Elizabeth I’s reign in England. Elizabeth, otherwise known in history as the Virgin Queen of England as she never married or had children in her life, left no heir to the throne. Thus, Shakespeare wrote Hamlet as a response to what he believed to be the uncertainty of England’s future under her cousin, James I. In Hamlet, Shakespeare creates some of his characters to reflect Elizabeth I’s court. For example, “James’s quiet accession was largely engineered by Elizabeth’s chief minister, Robert Cecil” (Kurland). In Hamlet, Sir William Cecil is portrayed as Polonius, who was the chief officer to King Claudius, and both Elizabeth I and Claudius sought after the advice of their most trusted …show more content…
Hamlet’s belligerence was a result of his own doing, not the Ghost’s as the Ghost told Hamlet to only destroy the marriage between his uncle and his mother, and to hold nothing against her. However, due to Hamlet’s desire to avenge his father, he created a pseudo psychotic personality to scare those around him to make himself appear to be insane. An example of such is when Polonius states to Hamlet “Though this be madness, yet there is method in/ ‘t-Will you walk out of the air, my lord?” (2.2.200-201). Although Polonius was unaware of Hamlet’s impending plot to kill Claudius, Polonius did indeed know that Hamlet was deceiving those around him into believing that he was crazy. Moreover, Polonius believed that Hamlet was acting insane over Ophelia parting their relationship, Polonius kept his eye on Hamlet and tried to observe as many of Hamlet’s actions as possible. Polonius’ nosiness toward Hamlet’s life would continue to propel Claudius and Gertrude’s distrust of the Hamlet. On the other hand, Hamlet’s relationship with Ophelia degrades over the course of the play, to the point in which Hamlet makes utterly sexist comments to degrade Ophelia. According to Hudson, “[Hamlet’s speeches] are not directed to Ophelia, but to the listeners and spies” (Hudson 62). Hamlet’s sexism in the scene is not personal towards Ophelia, rather Hamlet uses his comments to mislead characters such as Polonius, Gertrude, and Claudius to believe that his insanity was caused by
Hamlet also shows anger towards the female character, Ophelia as they interact with each other on a daily basis. He tells her that he has “heard of [her] paintings too, well enough; God hath given [her] one face, and [she] make[s] [herself] another. [She] jig[s] and amble[s], and [she] lisp[s], and nickname[s] God’s creature, and make[s] [her] wantonness [her] ignorance…to a nunnery, go” (3.1.153-157,161). As a result of this quote, Hamlet demonstrates strong anger as he insults Ophelia for her cosmetics and tells her that her flirtatious affections is her excuse for her stupid behaviour. Not only does Hamlet insult her because of his anger, but she does not defend herself either, which makes the situation worse. In addition, Hamlet not only undergoes his father’s death, but no one seems to grief over the death which is surprising, as he was the King of Denmark. The new King, Claudius asks Hamlet, “How is it that the clouds still hang on you?” (1.2.67). This quote shows King Claudius’ lack of grief towards King Hamlet’s death, oppose to when Polonius dies, he immediately tells Laertes, Polonius’ son, “I must commune with your grief” (4.5.213), Which again leads for Hamlet through the anger stage.
There is a distinct division of opinion among the other characters of the play about Hamlet's sanity and the split is along gender lines. Ophelia and Gertrude both state that Hamlet has gone mad, but the major male characters, on the other hand, like Polonius think that there is "method" in Hamlet's "madness," that his insanity is a surface mask to shield him as he plans the darker purpose of revenge. Since Hamlet is disturbed by the sudden death of his father and his mother's marriage to his uncle, King Claudius, the abnormality of his behavior to some extent is also understandable. Hamlet is naturally withdrawn, dark, and passive in the wake of those traumatic events. He also shows this when he constantly releases his anger with lines like "How (weary), stale, flat, and unprofitable seems to me all the uses of this world!" His self-exile and his self-reproach are essentially normal reactions to a series of events that he must avenge at his dead father's command but without further direction against a powerful chain of power within the guilty King.
The male characters in Hamlet continually abuse both Ophelia and Gertrude, physically and psychologically, as a pathetic attempt to gain power and control over the situation. One of the greatest examples of psychological abuse comes from the harrowing scene where Hamlet and Ophelia have their final conversation before Hamlet leaves for England. During this rage-induced altercation, Hamlet refuses to accept Ophelia’s returning of the gifts previously given to her from him, saying “I never gave you aught” (3.1.97). Ophelia is appalled as Hamlet continues to insult her and laugh in her face. In the climax of the argument, Hamlet tells Ophelia that she “should not have believed me; for virtue cannot so inoculate our old stock but we shall relish of it: I loved you not” (3.1.117-119). The immense amount of psychological damage received by Ophelia between the addition and removal of love by Hamlet and her father’s death is enough to drive anyone to madness. David M. Smith recounts this as Hamlet’s necessity “to genuine outsideness because of the danger of being co-opted by love” (Smith, 1). However, Hamlet no longer needed to protect himself in his situation. His actions from this scene were not only uncalled for, but added to the slow mental demise of his sweet Ophelia. Hamlet’s next scene of abuse come shortly after this when he goes to speak to Gertrude about her participation in the murder of Old Hamlet. His rage, yet again, takes over, but this time he adopts physical abuse
His feigned madness permitted Hamlet to express these emotions freely towards Ophelia: “...Get thee to a nunnery, / farewell. Or if thou wilt needs marry, marry a / fool; for wise men know well enough what monsters / you make of them...” (3.1.138-41). It was also important for Hamlet to be so vulgar towards Ophelia because it would not have been possible for him to continue being a caring loving boyfriend while attempting to avenge his father’s death. Lastly, by pretending to be mentally disturbed, it provided Hamlet with an excuse for any sinful deeds he would commit on his pursuit of revenge. Hamlet exemplifies this conception as he seeks for Laertes forgiveness for murdering his father Polonius: “If Hamlet from himself be ta’en away, / And when he’s not himself does wrong Laertes, / Then Hamlet does it not, Hamlet denies it. / Who does it then? His madness...” (5.2.230-33). Hamlet’s pursuit of the truth and revenge was much better accompanied by madness rather than sanity which gave Hamlet a clear motive to fabricate insanity in the play. In the midst of Hamlet’s supposed madness, the prince continues to speak rationally with certain individuals as well as maintain sensible and logical thoughts. This idea is depicted through his conversations with his good friend Horatio who is assisting Hamlet in his search for the truth behind Old Hamlet’s death. For example, before the
Hamlet’s relationship with Ophelia suddenly becomes complicated, after Hamlet’s encounter with the Ghost. It all starts when Hamlet first appears in Ophelia’s chamber pale and dishevelled, after receiving news from the Ghost that King Claudius had poured poison into his ear, and it was Hamlet’s duty to avenge the death of his father. Hamlet’s condition frightens Ophelia, as she runs off to tell Polonius about the encounter;” My lord, as I was sewing in my closet/ Lord Hamlet, with his doublet all unbraced/… speak of horrors—he comes before me” (2.1 87-94). Hamlet may express that he does not love Ophelia anymore, but his ill treatment towards her comes at the price of testing her loyalties towards him or her father Polonius, who is the eyes and ears of Claudius. As Ophelia runs off to Polonius, it is clear to Hamlet that he cannot trust Ophelia with such a deadly task at his hands. Behind all this phony madness, it breaks Hamlet’s heart to jeopardize his relationship with Ophelia for his own motivations, but it is an intricate decision he has to make. This is again evident in Act 3, scene 1, when Hamlet instructs Ophelia; “To a nunnery, go, and/ Quickly too. Farewell” (3.1 151-152). The only reason Hamlet would utter such bitter words to Ophelia, is because he trusts Ophelia will be kept safer there than anywhere near the kingdom. In doing so, Hamlet proves that he still cares for Ophelia and what they had, but he cannot manage their relationship at the same time getting revenge, because he’s too caught up in pursuing his own motives. Eventually, as Ophelia goes mad and dies,
First, Hamlet starts to go mad when he enters Ophelia’s room one night. Ophelia says, “My lord, as I was sewing in my closet, Lord Hamlet, with his doublet all unbraced; No hat upon his head, his stockings fouled, Ungartered, and down-gyvèd to his ankle, Pale as his shirt, his knees knocking each other, And with a look so piteous in purport As if he had been loosèd out of hell To speak of horrors—he comes before me” (2.1.87—94). Ophelia is explaining to Claudius that Hamlet showed up in her room one night as she was sewing in her closet. She describes him as looking pale and revolting. Why would a sane person show up to a young lady's room unannounced looking tattered? This is that begins to question Hamlet’s sanity. Then Ophelia states, “He took me by the wrist and held me hard. Then goes he to the length of all his arm, And, with his other hand thus o'er his brow, He falls to such perusal of my face As he would draw it. Long stayed he so. At last, a little shaking of mine arm, And thrice his head thus waving up and down, He raised a sigh so piteous and profound As it did seem to shatter all his bulk And end his being. That done, he lets me go, And, with his head over his shoulder turned, He seem'd to find his way without his eyes, For out o' doors he went without their helps And to the last bended their light on me” (2.1.99—112). Later in the same conversation with Claudius, the reader sees that Hamlet begins to act even stranger. When he grabs Ophelia by the wrist and begins to brush her face with the other hand, we can tell that Ophelia begins to get uncomfortable. She also states that he stays for a great deal of time without speaking a word. To the reader, this seems like what a madman would do. This instance, only furthers the
His motivation for this response is that he knows the King and Polonius are eavesdropping on his conversation. Attempting and succeeding in embarrassing her, he questions Ophelia's virginity. Later while attending a play with other royalty, Hamlet again questions Ophelia's chastity in another attempt to humiliate her. This time his assault on her character is in front of a much larger audience. In both of these instances, Ophelia tries to dismiss Hamlet's insinuations. These two instances also serve to show Hamlet's irrational behavior, further justifying Polonius' belief that Hamlet's madness is connected to sex.
Polonius's assertion is ironic since he falsely believes Hamlet's madness stems from Hamlet's love of Ophelia. But Hamlet's behaviour becomes more erratic; his acting mad seems to cause Hamlet to become temporarily insane and lose his grip on reality. His impulses and madness drive him to succumbing to physical violence when under duress indicates that Hamlet is not merely acting mad but rather experiencing a psychotic breakdown. This proves that acting on psychotic impulses, even on the spur of moments, usually involves disastrous consequences.
Hamlet's surrounding are increasingly affected by his flaw. Hamlet begins to forget all important obligations in his life and neglects his responsibilities, causing other problems. One very important commitment Hamlet has which he lets go is his relationship with Ophelia. Ophelia becomes very confused and hurt. Hamlet hurts her in a couple of ways. First, he neglects her, and second, he insults her. "Ha, ha! Are you honest??Are you fair??That if you be honest and fair, your honesty should admit no discourse to your beauty. ?I loved you not? Get thee to a nunnery." Then Hamlet kills Polonius, Ophelia's father, which in turn makes her go mad and in her madness she commits suicide. Hamlet loses objectivity. He does not respect the King nor his mother's feelings. Hamlet meets with his mother and insults her. He calls her a whore and a sinner for marrying a murderer. Since he knows that the King is a murderer, he attempts
Hamlets actions are justified at some points and are not at others. Hamlet has the times that his actions were not justified such as when he yelled at his mom for helping his uncle, who killed his dad. Some actions are justified as the same with some actions that are not justified. Hamlets actions to Gertrude his mother was not justified.
In this play, the way others interpret Hamlets behavior is that he is insane. With Hamlet acting this way, he is driving everyone else insane because they cant figure out what is wrong with him. The way his mother interprets his behavior, at first, is that he is holding a grudge against her for what he has done. As the play progresses, Polonius tells Gertrude “Tell him his pranks have been too broad to bear with…” which proves that Hamlet’s condition is worsening in the eyes of everyone. As she speaks to Hamlet, she feels that her life is in danger due to the way that Hamlet is speaking to her. “These words like daggers enter mind ears…” is what Gertrude says to Hamlet because of the utter disrespect and the manner in which he is acting. The way Ophelia views Hamlet is that he turned into a different person. In Act II, scene i, she believes that if he really loved her, he wouldn’t have grabbed her by the wrists, held her hard, stared at her,
Hamlet's attitude, after seeing the ghost of his father, to Ophelia suggests that he is not fully in control of his actions- even if he knows Polonius and Claudius are listening, and that Ophelia, like his mother, is faithless; it is still hard to explain that, if he loves Ophelia, why he is so cruel to her. Ophelia's response to his harsh words are immediate, that he is mad- suggesting that their love does run deep, for she cannot bear to conceive that his words are from sanity and that he could be so cruel and unloving to her. 'Now see that noble and most sovereign reason, like sweet bells jangled, out of tune and harsh' (Act 3 Scene 1).
In William Shakespeare's Hamlet, Hamlet spews extremely harsh words against his mother Gertrude and his love, Ophelia. Some people may claim that these venomous statements mean that he is misogynistic, but, in fact, Hamlet's anger towards Gertrude and Ophelia stems not from their sex but from their betrayal. Throughout the play, Hamlet viciously attacks more than just the women; he has contempt for every person that betrays him and his father. After he recognizes the magnitude of Claudius' deceptions, Hamlet describes Claudius as a "Bloody, bawdy villain! / Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindless / villain!" (Hamlet, II, ii, 607-609). Later, when Hamlet kills Polonius, he feels no remorse and calls the corpse a "wretched, rash,
Objectified and Mistreated Analysis of Shakespeare’s Treatment of Women in the plays Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, Lear, Much Ado about Nothing, and Tempest Women have always played a large role in society. It is arguable that without women, the world could not possibly exist. Well, humans would not exist. This ultimately suggests that women are needed very much.
Hamlet discovers elements of false love in Ophelia as he relates her flaws with Gertrudes'. Ophelia is part of a plan to set up Hamlet which will determine whether he is truly mad in her love or otherwise. Her love is being used to play with Hamlet's emotions. "I will leave him and/ Suddenly contrive the means of meeting between him/ And my daughter" (2.2: 209-211). Polonius decides he will use Ophelia to manipulate Hamlet by getting her to resurface his feelings and repressed love for her. By setting up this meeting between Ophelia and Hamlet, Polonius has objectified her love in effort to anger Hamlet. This act goes to show that Ophelia allows her love to be used as a method to better understand Hamlet's madness. Ophelia clearly chooses to obey her father over her love for Hamlet. After learning that he was subject to Ophelia's false love, Hamlet becomes very rude in attitude towards her as he feels he has been chested. "Get thee to a nunnery. Why wouldst thou be a breeder/ Of sinners? I am myself indifferent honest, but