How Does Gravity Affect The Evolution Of Stars

Stars are the most recognized astronomical object in space and they represent the building blocks of galaxies. Stars distribute elements such as: carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. A star develops from a cloud of hydrogen and helium, the dust clouds that are scattered throughout galaxies. An example of a dust cloud is the Orion Nebula. The gas and dust begin to collapse from its own gravitational pull. As the cloud collapses, the middle gets hotter. This is known as a prostar. A dense and hot core forms which begins to collect dust and gas. All this material may not end up as a part of the star but can become planets, asteroids, comets, or remain dust. A star about the size of our sun can up to 50 million years to mature. The smallest stars are

A supernova is an explosion that marks the end of the life of a massive star. A supernova has the mass three times the mass of the sun and explodes. Most black holes form after a supernova or explosion of a giant star. (Sipiera P., 1997).

planet 's momentum, perhaps with a giant hand that stops it in orbit, and it would head

Planets revolve, or orbit, the Sun because of gravity keeping them in their orbit. The Sun's gravity has a pull on the planets which prevents them from falling into each other. Newton discovered the law of gravity which states that a particle attracts other particles by using a force that is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional of the distance

After a time, the hydrogen runs out almost completely, and it collapses. New reactions begin to take place in the core and these reactions cause the star to expand rapidly. As the stars begin to deplete their new fuel, they switch to others. New elements are formed in the cores of stars but they become too heavy. The star has reached its end growth. When it reaches the end, a tremendous amount of energy is released and it begins to shed its outer layers, the gravity is too weak hold onto them anymore. Once the layers are removed, in the stars place is a fiery core called a planetary nebula. Eventually, the core runs out of fuel and it collapses. This star is now in a very dense state, and is called a white dwarf. Eventually, the white dwarf cools until it no longer shines. This dead star is called a brown dwarf.More massive stars, however, have more violent ways of dying. Some stars turn it into a supergiant. Supergiant stars are extremely bright, and are extremely large. Supergiant stars cores, can collapse violently and suddenly. This collapse causes a tremendous explosion, called a

Stellar evolution stars exist because of gravity. The two opposing forces in a star are gravity (contracts) and thermal nuclear energy (expands). Stage 1 Birth is where gravity contracts the cloud and the temperature rises, becoming a protostar. Protostars are a hypothetical cloud of dust and atoms in space which are believed to develop into a star. Astronomers are fairly certain of their existence. Protostars are formed about a million years after a gas clump from an interstellar gas cloud has started

“Although the satellite is always falling towards the earth, because of gravity, the right combination of height and speed causes the satellite to fall as much as the earth curves, so the satellite never crashes”

As this slow contraction continues, the core temperature, density, and pressure of the star continues to increase. As the star shrinks it becomes so dense that it starts to compress helium. This results in the star to swell due to the hot core and leaving a relatively cool surface. Eventually the outer layers of the star expand outwards, increasing the size of the star. As the layers continue to expand, the surface temperature continues to cool, forming a relatively large star called a red giant.

A white dwarf is the leftover core of a planetary nebula. A white dwarf is a low-mass star that is virtually dead. Since it is a leftover core it is extremely dense. Inside of a white dwarf, no fusion takes place. The white dwarf will continue to give off light for about 20 million years and is theorized that it will then become a black dwarf. As of now, no black dwarfs have been discovered, simply because the universe is too young. A black dwarf gives off no light and is also cold, compared to the other stars in their life cycles. These black and white dwarfs burn through their fuel very slowly, which would be why they last for millions of

His third law said, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.”(Biography.com) He also created the Law of Universal Gravitation and talked about it in one of his books. This law demonstrated that

Orion has two of the brightest stars, be Betelgeuse and Rigel. Betelgeuse is a red supergiant. The gravity of the star squeezes its core tightly, heating it to billions of degrees. It then fuses the helium to make heavier elements. When that happens, the star no longer produces energy in the core. Without the reactions in its core to push outward, gravity quickly causes the core to collapse, forming a neutron star.

The Low mass stars spend there main life as a fusion machine which turns hydrogen into helium and a very slow and methodical pace. When the energy released by this fusion reaches the surface it is released into space and this is the star luminosity. Over a long, long time sometimes billions of years a low mass star consumes the hydrogen in its core and converts it to helium, at which point the core starts to contract and shrink. Once all of the hydrogen inside the stars core begins to become totally exhausted, the core pressure gives way to the crush of gravity because it has no more fusion occurring in its core at that time. As the core shrinks rapidly and the outer layers start to expand the stars shape begins to grow in size and its luminosity becomes extraordinary brighter due to the outer shell starting to produce fusion more rapidly then the core did during the main sequence life of the star. As this situation grows more rapidly and extreme the core starts to rapidly burn again and fuse its core helium into carbon. Then just before its final death the star ejects its outer layers into space. This leaves only the degenerate carbon core and since this core is still very hot it emits intensely powerful ultraviolet radiation and glows brightly in what is known as a planetary nebula. The nebula fades and cools over around a million or so years and we are left with a white dwarf cooling indefinitely till

If the fusion reactions in the core start becoming too few, the start can collapse change the composition of the sun and reactions that happen inside of the sun. If the inner reactions’ pressure becomes more than the outside pressure then the start will explode. The star will become white and become a nova. This balance helps regulate the star, like if the fusion reactions started to decrease then the star would shrink, increase heat and pressure, and increase the fusion reactions. Unlike all these variables of a star, our star is perfectly balanced, at this moment

Gravity impacts the formation of the solar system because when the solar system was created first what happened was gravity pulled dust and rock together to form the sun, then after that the gravity from the sun helped form the rest of the solar system by grouping some of the leftover rock and dust from the sun and making it into planets this is the big band theroy. The sun was the first planet to form because the more mass an object has the stronger gravity it has (Gravity and Orbits worksheet) so that when it formed it could use its gravity to form

Planets are constantly pulled towered their star, but they are also going around the star, and spinning. This act of revolving around the star, paired with the spinning, makes them keep missing the star as they pulled towered, and to the side at the same time, because of the spin. This keeps it near the star, and lets it go around it at the same time. Newton’s third law states as follows, “For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.” This means that when gravity pulls the planet towered the star, the star is also pushing back on them. When this happens, it is called an