How Does Gray Matter Effects Schizophrenia And Bipolar Disorder?

I chose to write my research paper over Schizophrenia. It is a psychological disorder that I have always found fascinating. It is a serious disorder that consumes a person's life and is nearly impossible to control. In this paper, I will talk about the definition of Schizophrenia, the diagnosis of Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia in children, suicide, sexually related characteristics of the disease, sleep disorders caused by the disease, differences in the disease on different ethnicities, and insensitivity to pain.

Expert’s reason that unevenness in the complicated interconnected chemical responses of the brain connecting the neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate, and maybe others, performs a part in schizophrenia. Neurotransmitters are elements that permit brain cells to interconnect with each other. Experts are acquiring more about brain chemistry and its connection to schizophrenia. Similarly, in small methods the brains of people with schizophrenia appear diverse than those of healthful people. For instance, fluid-filled holes at the middle of the brain, called ventricles, are greater in certain people with schizophrenia. The brains of people with the disorder similarly manage to have less grey matter, and certain

Today, scientists at the University of Iowa are studying abroad how people suffering from the mental disorder, schizophrenia, may have less brain tissue than those who do not have the disorder. Schizophrenia deeply affects the brain and causes individuals to lose touch with reality and have unorganized thoughts, troubled perceptions and unsuitable emotions and actions. “Schizo” means split and “phrenia” means mind, however this does not mean that this is a split mind or personality disorder, like most people commonly mistake this as. In order to understand this disorder, we need to take a look at the actual condition and how it is defined, apart from other disorders, speculated causes, such as genes from

According to Lindamer et al. (2012), individuals with schizophrenia had 3 times the odds of being categorized as a high utilizer. Bipolar disorder and other psychotic disorders increased the odds of being a high utilizer by 90% (Lindamer et al., 2012). Being White, younger, female, homeless, and having Medicaid insurance also increased the odds for being a high utilizer in this sample. Similarly, Pasic et al. (2005) noted that high utilizers were more likely to be homeless, have developmental delays, have a history of voluntary and involuntary hospitalizations, have personality disorders, unreliable social support and a history of incarceration and detoxification.

Schizophrenia is a brain disease. Many studies have been conducted regarding the brain localization of schizophrenia. One study established that schizophrenia is characterized by significant loss in the grey matter of the brain. The loss was detected to be up to 25% in some areas and the damage was seen to begin at the parietal (outer) regions of the brain then spreading to the rest of the regions of the brain over a period of about five years ADDIN EN.CITE Rajagopalan1998923(Rajagopalan, MacBeth, & Varma, 1998)92392317Rajagopalan, MMacBeth, RVarma, SLXXY chromosome anomaly and schizophreniaAmerican Journal Medical GeneticsAmerican Journal Medical Genetics64-65811998( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_9" o "Rajagopalan, 1998 #923" Rajagopalan, MacBeth, & Varma, 1998). Another study showed that patients who had the worst loss of brain tissue also exhibited the worst symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations, psychotic and bizarre thoughts, hearing voices, depression and delusion ADDIN EN.CITE Conklin2002797(Conklin & Iacono, 2002)79779717Conklin, Heather M.Iacono, William G.Schizophrenia: A Neurodevelopmental PerspectiveCurrent Directions in Psychological ScienceCurrent Directions in Psychological Science33-371112002Sage Publications, Inc. on behalf of Association for Psychological Science09637214http://www.jstor.org/stable/20182759( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_2" o "Conklin, 2002 #797" Conklin & Iacono, 2002).

Lack of insight is definitely correlated with frontal lobe abnormalities as shown by studies of anosognosia and Alzheimer's disease. There is a possibility, then, that anosognosia and schizophrenia have a common cause for lack of insight (Ghaemi 786). There are other neurological impairments in schizophrenics. According to Husted, studies have shown that many patients with schizophrenia have small hippocampi, enlarged ventricles, and possibly communication damage between the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Unfortunately, there is not enough evidence to for any of these abnormalities including frontal lobe dysfunction to be "necessary or sufficient for the diagnosis of schizophrenia" (37).

The symptoms of schizophrenia vary, however, they have been categorized as positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Positive symptoms may include hallucinations, delusions, and / or thought disorder. Hallucinations normally give a false perception of touch, smell, taste, and / or visit, those with this particular mental disorder often experience auditory hallucinations. Delusions are also a sign of schizophrenia. Open quotations delusions are beliefs that are not part of the person's culture and do not change. Quotation parentheses u.s. Department, print the seas, 2010. These may cause a person that has this disorder, to think or feel as if they are victims in imagine conspiracy. It is also shown that they believe they are being controlled

Losing control of a person's emotions on a daily basis is devastating his or her mind. This disorder people go through is called bipolar. Bipolar disorder can be characterized as the inability to regulate emotions extreme happiness and sadness, also known as mania and depression. Bipolar disorder patients brains have impairments in the frontal cortex, limbic system and the amygdala. These parts of the brain focus on how a person reacts to situations and the biological effects to the body. People can get this disorder any times of their life, but most first episode can be seen in children and adolescents . Mania and depression are affected by different parts of the brain with different symptoms. There are few common symptoms that are similar

(2016) ran into trouble due to issues of skewness. Thus, the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid had to be transformed using a natural log. This was done so that researchers could approximate a Gaussian distribution. By doing so they found a main effect for diagnosis and an increase in volume for patients suffering from schizophrenia. A significant interaction between diagnosis and violence was also found. NVS and VS patients had an increase in volume compared to HC and there was an increase volume in comparison between NVS to NPV. When it came to the role of negative symptoms and medication, it was only limited to patients who suffered with schizophrenia. This data was used to investigate the possible role of several factors including illness duration on gray matter volume loss. No group difference was found. Researchers also found no correlation between CPZ equivalent and WBV, ventricular cerebral spinal fluid, left amygdala, left hippocampus, left thalamus, right amygdala, right hippocampus, or right thalamus volumes. Schizophrenic groups were found to differ in age, academic achievement, substance use and negative

The frontal lobe contains two key structures that have a great impact on mood, behavior and judgment. These structures are located in the outer area of the cerebrum towards the front of the skull (Carlson, 2013). This paper will discuss the function and structure of the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (including the orbitofrontal cortex) and the Dorsolateral Cortex.

An Unquiet mind was a fascinating book about the life of Kay Redfield Jamison and her battle with manic-depressive disorder, otherwise known as bipolar disorder. This memoir gave an intelligent perspective of the emotional battle people face when dealing with bipolar disorder, as well as an understanding on the reality and nature of this illness. This book follows very closely to the research based on bipolar disorder, which gave a good informational perspective as well as emotional insight. Through reading this book, articles on bipolar disorder, and research it gave a powerful analysis of how we as nurse should care for patients who have bipolar disorder.

It is most unfortunate that medical science has not yet determined the cause or cure for Schizophrenia. Therefore, treating Schizophrenia is a hunt-and-peck effort, dictated by previous experience and ongoing clinical research. Obviously, the focus of mainstream medical practitioners is on reducing severity of symptoms and decreasing risks of further episodes.

As I stand here before my fellow graduates, I want you all to take a second to thank those who have helped you get to this moment in time, but also do not forget to thank yourself and your gray matter. The gray matter is a specific gelatin like tissue structure of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites; basically it is the tissue that makes up the brain. The gray matter performs multitudes of functions and roles including; muscle control, memory, speech, emotions, decision making, and even sensory perception like self-control. Your gray matter holds who you are essentially, your gray matter is what defines you.

Dr.Amit Etkin decided to test whether common physiatrist disorders had a similar structure in the brain. Him and his colleagues sifted through almost 200 structural brain imaging studies that involved over 7,000 people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorder or anxiety, along with about 8,500 healthy individuals. They eventually found that all of them showed a loss of Gray matter which Etkin defined as the things that allow a person to function in life — for example, to keep a job or relationship, not act on impulses, resist distractions and so on. Grey matter contains most of the brain's nerve cell bodies. The grey matter includes regions of the brain involved in muscle control(which may

Procedure: To identify all relevant primary studies, computerized PubMed searches for an inclusive list of descriptors were performed and searched the reference lists of prior reviews of schizophrenia to identify any reports not retrieved in the PubMed search. 14 published