How Does Jung Approach The Unconscious

Carl Jung (1875 – 1961) was a one time friend and colleague of Sigmund Freud, who initially held similar views to Freud. He started to feel dissatisfied with Freud’s ideas though and broke away from that school of thought in 1913. Jung also had a great interest in mystical and magical subjects, Buddhism and Hinduism, which influenced Jung’s own ideas on a theory of personality. He too, suggested there were 3 parts; the conscious mind (or ego), the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. ‘The main point of difference between the two men (Jung and Freud) was Freud’s definition of sexuality and libido. Although Jung conceded the importance of the

Through Jung’s studies on word association, Freud was able to further link to experimental psychology. He was then able to express his ideas about the psychodynamics of culture and religion (Gay, 1988; Jones, 1955; Kerr, 1993). The relationship was not without benefits for Jung. Jung was able to broaden his thoughts on the etiology and treatment of neurosis and psychosis. This gave Jung a political card to play in the international psychoanalytical movement. Upon meeting Freud, Jung was already a promising psychiatrist with a gift for psychological research. He was a prestigious junior appointment at one of the top centers in Europe that treated psychotic disorders before meeting Freud. (Kerr, 1993). In 1913, Jung had broken away from Freud and was by then internationally known for original contributions to clinical psychology and for his leadership of the psychoanalytic movement. In 1912, Jung authored a book called Transformations and Symbols of Libido (Jung 1912). This marked his independence from the movement.

Freud believed our behavior is already determined by our experiences we had from childhood through the unconscious mind and that the occurrences we had in our childhood can have such an impact on our behavior as we grow into adulthood. Psychodynamic theory is often referred to as psychoanalytical therapy which describes the terms of personality through psychological process which includes our dreams, fears and wishes we are not fully aware of through psychotherapy explores the clients unconscious thoughts and emotions. He suggested that our personalities are formed by three reasons: the ego, id, and superego the Intrapsychic elements. A supporter of Sigmund Freud early on was Carl Jung, a member of Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. They shared interest of the unconscious. Jung anticipated that the unconscious mind consisted of two layers which emphasized the importance of the unconscious in relation to personality. Personal unconscious is the first layer and this layer is basically the same version of the unconscious as Freud’s. This part of the unconscious contains information that is temporarily forgotten and becomes a part of your repressed memories. The Collective Unconscious known as the second layer is considered the most important and significant difference between Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud. This is said to be Jung’s most original workings and that it is very controversial to the personality theory. (McLeod, S. A. (2014). Carl Jung.

By 1916, Dr. Hinkle published a translation of Jung 's theories of the unconscious titled "The Psychology of the Unconscious," the first publication in America of Carl Jung 's work. She added several theories of her own and broadened the context of terms such as "complex" and "repression." She explained that " This important group of ideas or impressions, those that come out from the patient 's mind while being psychoanalyzed, with the feelings and emotions clustered around them which are betrayed through this painful process, was called by Jung a complex" (Hinkle, 1916, p. 14). Repression, in her theories, was the phenomenon that banishes these painful memories so once the patient states that there is nothing else to say or he cannot remember anything else he has been quite honest. She said that this reaction is a normal mechanism by which nature protects the individual from such painful feelings as are caused by unpleasant thoughts. "Then there is 'resistance '" she continues, "which is an important mechanism which interferes with a free flow of thought and produces the greatest difficulty in further conduct of the analysis since

Analytical Psychology (Carl Jung; combines history, anthropology, mythology, religion…midlife crisis)…influenced by past & future events moving us towards individuation (integration of conscious and unconscious)…constructive and destructive (shadow) forces which must accept; collective conscious—past and history of species; persona—mask we wear to protect ourselves, animus/anima—biological & psychological parts of M and F, shadow—dark side; unconscious discovery prepares for the near future & bring balance between opposites of individual

Holt N., Bremner A., Sutherland E., Vliek M., Passer M., Smith R. (2012), Psychology The Science Of Mind And Behaviour; The psychodynamic perspective, 246.

For many years the question of whether or not the unconscious mind really exists, and if it does then what does it consist of has baffled many theorist’s minds and has made many philosophers question themselves. There have been debates on whether the conscious mind is influenced by other parts of the mind. These parts are indented within the unconscious, which has processes such as personal habits, intuition and being oblivious to certain things in life. While we are completely aware of what is happening I the conscious mind, we have absolutely no idea of what information is stored in the unconscious mind. It is believed that the unconscious mind comprises various significant and disturbing material, which is required to be kept out of awareness as they may be too menacing to completely acknowledge and be mindful of. There are been some critics that have completely disbelieved the existence of the unconscious mind. Many psychological scientists today believe that the unconscious mind is the shadow of a “real” conscious mind. However, through extensive research, evidence has been found that the unconscious is not visibly complex, controlling, or action-orientated.

Cassirer says that “Myth is a mode of communication”. It provides humans with the ability to grasp the internal, abstract, conceptual and social reality that surrounds them. Joseph Campbell, student of Carl Jung, finely studied the theory of myth, its function and its relation to human psyche. His concept was largely influenced by the pioneering work of Sigmund Freud on human psychology and Carl Jung’s work on archetypes. Campbell claimed that there were four basic

Carl Gustav Jung is a Swiss psychiatrist and the successor of psychoanalysis with important intellectual movements of the twentieth century. In his early career, Jung was influenced by the theory of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis (Breger 2000, p. 217). However, they came into disagreement in notions which then broke their relationship. It was because Freud’s view of myth was based on reality, which there was no religion involved, whereas Jung though that myth was based on both reality and religion. Consequently, Jung’s notions were commonly accepted by society because of the wider context. Then, through his research and clinical findings, he developed some concepts like archetypes, collective unconscious, shadow, extrovert and introvert and persona (Carter 2011 p. 442). These concepts help Jung to deepen the explanation about myth. For Jung, myth is a projection of archetypes and collective unconscious. Their form are universal and identical with every society back into history. Myth can be identical because the original form, the archetypes, is configured to be the same among human's unconscious globally where people's psychic realm encounters certain motifs and typical figures that built into the structure of man’s unconsciousness (Jung Myth Ex. 3-4). According to Edward Tylor and James Frazer, myth and science were contradict where science was factual and myth was not (Segal 2003, p. 48). Therefore, myth has an important role in human nature and modern

Carl Jung and his Analytical Psychological approach serves as the most beneficial theory in beautifully describing human personality. Jung’s approach rested on the idea of psychic energy and this energy formed the basis to personality. Three common principles of psychic energy included the Opposition principle, where Jung viewed conflict between polar psychological forces as the source of energy in behavior motivation. For example, the greater the conflict in one’s life, the greater the energy to grow and overcome that conflict. Another aspect of psychic energy rested on the idea of equivalence.

For my last and final essay of this semester I chose to answer questions number five, six and seven. I simply chose these series of questions due to the fact that I’ve had all of the Freud I could possibly take for one semester. All the questions I’ve selected are involving Carl Jung and not Sigmund Freud. To begin with my essay let’s start with question number five which asks to explain Jung’s notion of “collective unconscious”. I very strongly believe that Jung’s concept of collective unconscious is mainly based on his personal experiences with people who suffer from schizophrenia which he gained form when he worked with them at the Burgholzli hospital. At first Jung chose to follow the Freudian theory of unconscious, but later on Jung eventually chose to go down his own path and decided to develop his own theory on unconscious which would feature totally new concepts. Most importantly being the archetype. Archetypes constitute the structure of the collective unconscious, which are the psychic innate dispositions to experience and represent the basic human behavior and situations. For example, Mother and child relationship which is mainly governed by the mother archetype. The Father and child relationship is mainly governed by the Father archetype. Birth, death, power and failure are controlled by archetypes.

Jung made some major contributions in psychotherapy. Jung was the first to say that a therapist himself must be analyzed (Storr, 1991). Unlike Freud who had his patients lie on a couch, Jung suggested that face to face contact with a patient was essential (Storr, 1991). He wanted to see his patients face. He also saw patients less times a week then Freud did (Storr, 1991). He stated that he did not want his patients to stop living their normal everyday lives. Dreams were an important aspect of Jung’s psychotherapy. He dedicated a great deal of time and work on the interpretation of dreams

In the 1920’s, a Swiss psychologist named Carl Jung devised a theory. Jung didn’t accept the idea that the behaviors of people were random. Instead, he was a firm believer that the differences between individuals were a result of how people use their brains. Jung claimed that “what appears to be random behavior is actually the result of differences in the way people prefer to use their mental capacities.” (The Myers & Briggs Foundation). Jung realized that people typically function in one of two ways, take in information or make decisions, and that people usually are more comfortable alone or around others. With all these observations, Jung wrote a book titled Psychological Types, which introduced the idea of personality and psychological

In his book, Modern Man In Search Of A Soul, C.G. Jung gives a layperson insight into his ideas on dream analysis. Jung's primary objective in this book is to educate the reader as to what a psychoanalyst does when analyzing a patient's dreams. The principal message in the section of the book centered on dream analysis is that dreams should never stand alone. Dreams are meaningless in a vacuum, but on the other hand when put against a strict set of rules, they are oftentimes misunderstood. The unconscious is a fluid entity and cannot be handled either in isolation or with a static set of guidelines. Dreams are reflections of the unconscious and can represent many different things inside of

Carl Jung was a Psychologist and psychiatrist who developed a form of analytic psychotherapy. Many of his Ideas can be paralleled to religious spirituality and healing in India. In this paper, I hope to provide information about Carl Jung and his ideas about psychoanalysis, different methods of religious healing in India, and a comparison of the two.