How Does Light Intensity Influence The Population Distribution Of Small Shrub Species Such As Chamomile Sunray?

Competition had a vast effect on  growth, especially on spartina patens.  Both plants flourished, growing the most in freshwater marshes, without the presence of neighbors.  However, with the presence of neighbors, spartina patens was overcome dropping significantly.  While typha angustifolia did drop with neighbors it remained stronger than spartina patens.  In the case of salt marshes, typha angustifolia did not grow at all.  While spartina patens was much more stable with or without neighbors in salt marshes.  This suggests that while typha angustifolia, more dominant in freshwater, unable to grow in salt marshes pushed out spartina patens, who was able to endure salt during growth.  In conclusion typha angustifolia was greatly subdued by abiotic factors, while spartina patens was more limited by

Duckweed is a small aquatic plant that is able to grow rapidly, making it the ideal specimen for our experiment. It is hypothesized that altering the amount of light received by duckweed will alter its photosynthetic rate. It is predicted that a lower light intensity will lower the rate of growth in duckweed.

Plants are found everywhere on earth, up high on the ridge and down low in caves and caverns. The types of plants that live in these places depends on many factors. These factors are separated into two different categories, the biotic factors and the abiotic factors. Some of the biotic factors include, predation, competition, and habitat destruction. Plants with limited competition and large amounts of resources will be in a higher abundance than plants with limited resources and higher competition rates will be confined to areas and either out competed or will be the dominant species. Certain plants adapt to these factors and thrive and others don’t do as well. Some of the abiotic factors include, sunlight, water, temperature, and wind. These

5. What is the advantage to a plant of closed stomata when water is in short supply? What are the disadvantages?

Comparing these two field sites, are there any other environmental factors (except air quality) that you think might also affect the composition of lichen communities? List as many as you can think of and explain how they would affect lichen communities.

The Chaparral biome is most common in latitudes of 35 degrees North and is seen most often in Southern California. Chaparral plants have special adaptations that help them deal with the unique climate. In addition there are specific characters of a Coastal Sage Scrub and Chaparral community that would help in their identification. Both of these topics, secondary succession, endangered plant species, and the importance of habitat preservation will be discussed.

In our experiment of field ecology at A-mountain, the purpose were to understand the specific factors that affect the distribution and abundance of plant species at north facing slope and south facing slope. The availability of plants in certain area depends on temperature, availability of water, sunlight and nutrients. A-mountain which is in Arizona has different desert plant that includes; grass, brittlebush, bursage, creosote bush, mesquite, palo verde, fishhook barrel, hedgehog, pincushion, teddy bear cholla, staghorn cholla, chain fruit cholla, prickly pear and others.. and some are specifically found on either north or south side of the mountain. The fact that the south slope receive more direct sunlight than the north facing slope, soil moisture will evaporate faster in south side of the mountain than in the north side thus the availability of different drought resisting plant whereas in north side where there is a slower evaporation due to lack of direct sunlight hence few drought resistant plants compared to south side (Wyant, unpublished data). We predicted that to the south side of the mountain there be will more diversity, evenness and drought tolerant plants species than the north side.

Chaparral biomes are located in small isolated areas throughout most continents, according to Kids do Ecology. These locations are usually by a large body of water such as the oceans. In general, Chaparrals do not cover vast amounts of land area. One Chaparral location example mentioned by Kids do Ecology, is the United States, in Santa Barbra, California. There are also chaparrals around the Mediterranean Sea, Southwest North America, the middle of Chile, Southern Australia and Southwest Africa (Raven, 116).

On the one hand, there is the effect of water content in the soil: due to its ability to store

The Chaparral Biome is known by various different names due to the variety of locations it is situated in around the globe. It is often referred to as the California woodland and grasslands because of it’s’ exclusivity on the Californian coasts in North America, and also known as the Mediterranean Biome due to the large areas surrounding parts of the Mediterranean Sea. The chaparrals located in California are situated in the Sierra Nevada mountain ranges, which span across to the Pacific Ocean, and cover up to peaks at 5,000 feet above sea level. Hence, due to its location the climate is often hot and dry in the summer, and often cold and rainy in the winter. Additionally, these abiotic factors affect the biotic adaptations of the plant species that are found within the Chaparral Biome.

An example would be the types of plants located above timberline on a mountain versus the forests located toward the bottom of the mountain.

The area of study is referred to as the Welwitschia Wash in the Namib desert. In order to measure the growth of the leaves, small cuts were made every month on the leafs surface from the point of sprouting from the stem. The distance the each mark moved every month was measured and record. In order to study spatial patterns within a colony, an area containing 110 individuals was used. This included variable locations within the Welwitschia Wash including the primary wash, its corresponding ledges, as well as smaller washes that surrounded the main wash. For each of the 110 individuals, data was recorded which included size, space occupied, and sex of the individual. Over the next 14 years the researchers would collect and analyze all of the data with regards to growth and compare that data among the different sexes, survey the population to determine that ratios of sexes within certain radii, and determine effects of climate on growth and

A submerged plants will have a hyponastic response caused by a buildup of the compound ethylene (Visser et al., 1996). Ethylene is found in higher concentrations in submerged plants when compared to non-submerged plants and has been shown to enhance the growth of the petiole during water logging (Monaco & Cumbo, 1972). In flooded conditions petiole elongation contributes to the increases survival of the plant by enabling leaves to reach the water surface (Visser et al., 1996). Highly coordinated enhancement in the upward growth of shoot stems and petioles enables continuation of gas exchange and aerobic metabolic activity (Voesenek, 2003). In waterlogged condition petioles are not submerged and as such it is expected that ethylene will instead contribute to increased root elongation by enabling adventitious roots to form (Monaco & Cumbo,

Golden rods in the areas with no trees receive more sunlight than those in the areas with trees and thus grow taller.

Our lab investigated the morphological characteristics of leaves found in the sun and shade on various species of maple and oak trees around campus. Our null hypothesis was Acer and Quercus acclimate similarly with regards to SLW (specific leaf weight), size, and sinuosity. Our hypothesis was Quercus acclimation is greater than Acer SLW, size, and sinuosity. We tested these hypotheses by picking small sections of a branches from both maple and oak trees. A group was assigned either a maple or an oak tree, and needed a total of three different trees per group. Once three different trees were chosen, groups needed three shade leaves and three sun leaves of off each different tree. In total, each group should then end up with 18 leaves for testing. After collecting the leaves, we ran them through the LiCor 3100 leaf area meter to identify the area of each leaf. Major results found by the classes’ mutual data was each one of our p-values were greater than .05. This means that we failed to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, the lab results do not support our hypothesis that Quercus acclimation is greater than Acer SLW, size, and sinuosity.