1) Blood pressure: Blood pressure can be an important factor for predicting the mortality of patients. In most of the cases, the blood pressure of the patients is generally recorded when the patients are admitted to the hospitals. While conducting a study in UAE regarding factors affecting mortality it was observed that patients who died had significantly lower GCS and systolic blood pressure on arrival to hospital [6]. As per the study it was established that blood pressure was a significant factor for predicting the mortality. A study conducting in Stockholm it was observed that low blood pressure is directly related to mortality. Univariate chi-square tests showed that advanced age, male sex, lower education, institutionalization, cancer,
Modern medical advancements have significantly decreased the prevalence and severity of infectious disease as well as the treatment of acute, traumatic conditions. Pharmacological research has also gained insight into the management of chronic disease. Still, there is an epidemic of chronic, treatable diseases like stroke, heart disease, and kidney disease. Hypertension proves to be the underlying factor associated with these diseases. Hypertension is often referred to as the silent killer because of its indication in deadly disease, and the importance of monitoring ones blood pressure is vital. Lifestyle, diet, and genetic predisposition are all factors of high blood pressure. Chronic high blood pressure above safe levels, known as hypertension, puts elevated physical stress on the renal and cardiovascular systems. By controlling this factor in patients, healthcare providers can decrease cardiovascular events, improve health outcomes, and decrease overall mortality. Patient education is often overlooked in its role in the control and prevention of high blood pressure. This paper analyzes the causes and physiology behind high blood pressure as they relate to the current nursing interventions. The role of nurses is discussed in relation to patient education regarding high blood pressure, and educational approaches are analyzed.
(Marieb and Hoehn, 2010, p 703) defined Blood Pressure (BP) as ‘the force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood, and is expressed in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg)’. BP is still one of the essential and widely used assessment tools in healthcare settings. Nurses generally record the arterial BP which is the forced exerted blood that flows through the arteries, to establish a baseline and to determine any risk factors. BP
and the information from this case to explain each of the following aspects of blood pressure and discuss
The researchers show the significant clinical problems of morbidity and mortality as a worthy argument for this study. Cost and financial burdens to the healthcare system are mentioned, prevalence of pressure ulcers at 12.7% necessitate the need for improvements in critical care settings. This study measures the effectiveness of the tool by using specific and sensitive PPV & NPV (negative predictive Vales) to define the myriad of variables. These variables and predictive outcomes and are an integral part of the validity and reliability of the studies outcome. (Sacket et al, 2000).
The two priority problems for Mr. George are Hypertension and Diabetes (hyperglycemia). It has been demonstrated that arterial hypertension is major important determinant of heart diseases. The pathogenesis of hypertension is linked with multiple factors that include dietary, genetic, and patterns of lifestyle. The biological factors that determine hypertension include: atherosclerosis, resistance to insulin; hyper-responsiveness towards adrenalin based stimuli and dysfunction of endothelial cells. It was studied that the evidence suggests that decrease in the ratio of prevalence of high blood pressure gives rise to reduced ratio of cardiovascular related mortalities. It can be achieved through intervention with suitable medical therapy (Villalpando et al., 2010).
A concerning lowered vitality is caused by overwork, overstimulation. Poisonous drugs and ill- advised surgical operations just to name a few. The client has suffered from a range of conditions which contribute to lowered vitality. Lowered vitality leaves individuals vulnerable to poor health conditions which the client is suffering from. for example extreme fatigue, hypertension and digestive issues, the client has also undergone surgery. From looking at her conditions it is evident that this individual has a lowered vitality and without intervention the downward process of the vitality will continue.
With the global population suffering from an unprecedented distortion of the traditional age distribution, discussion and scientific inquiry surrounding the nature and impacts of dementia among the aging and the elderly is becoming increasingly prevalent within the public eye. One such story, conducted by the Erasmus Medical Center and reported in a BBC News online report, examines the prevalence of dementia in relation to preceding low blood pressure (Mundasad, 2016). The article, as reflected in its concluding professional recommendations, aims to indicate low blood pressure complications as a potential factor in developing dementia, thus informing consumer healthcare decisions and contributing to an expanding body of medical knowledge.
chronic hypertension and ischemic heart disease which are correlated with aging physiology and environmental factors. Patient’s inactive life style and obesity is also responsible for these diseases.
This paper implements the indicators and determinants of high blood pressure in men. Many studies have measure the effect of Hypertension among men of different ethnical and socio-economic backgrounds. Socioeconomic is one major determinant which influences high blood pressure in men. High blood pressure is a major illness in the human population, especially among men. High blood is normally called a “silent killer” due to the fact that there little to no symptoms. Fifty to fifty-eight million people suffer from hypertension with the increasing population being African Americans (John, n.d.).
In their 2015 paper, “Effects of Low Blood Pressure in Cognitively Impaired Elderly Patients Treated with Antihypertensive Drugs”, Mossello et al. completed a prospective cohort study of, ultimately, 172 patients in Italy, with a mean age of 79, from 2009 to 2012, with MCI or dementia, to see the effects of systolic blood pressure readings or use of antihypertensive medications could predict the progression of cognitive decline. Using the MMSE as their metric to measure cognitive decline over time, they found a statistically significant increase in the rate of cognitive decline in the group that had daytime SBP 145 mm Hg groups. Subgroup analysis also showed that effect persisted only when look at those treated with anti-hypertensives, and
High blood pressure has been a big problem in the United States. According to the Mayo Clinic “High blood pressure is a common condition in which the long-term force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease” (Mayo Clinic Staffe, 2016). For a long time doctors did not know that blood pressure was causing the different health problems. Doctors thought that high blood pressure was “considered a consequence of disease rather than its cause” (Riegelman & Kirkwood, 2015). Since doctors now realize that high blood is a cause of major diseases they have been working on pin pointing the blood pressure that everyone should try to achieve. The Framingham Heart Study concluded
Having high blood pressure can lead to many bad outcomes. Hypertension can be affecting your body for years without showing any signs or symptom. High blood pressure can have a major negative impact on a person's life if they have high blood pressure. It can also be very unhealthy if it goes untreated. If left untreated the risk of having a heart attack or it can lead to a disability. High blood pressure can damage the cells of your arteries' inner lining. Eventually, your artery walls become less elastic, limiting blood flow throughout your body. Over time, the strain on your heart caused by high blood pressure can cause your heart muscle to weaken and work less efficiently.
The hypotension is a condition in which the blood pressure is much lower than the values considered being normal. Blood pressure varies from person to person. In general it is considered hypotension a condition in which the maximum pressure (or systolic) is equal to or lower than 90 mmHg and the minimum (or diastolic) is equal to or less than 60 mmHg. The hypotension causes are multiple and different significance: therefore vary from a trivial dehydration to more serious disorders. Low pressure is a disorder that can affect any person regardless of age.
Hypertension is widely considered to be one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (angina, arrhythmia, etc.). It is the second leading disease that causes mortality in the world. Hypertension is the condition when there is an increase in the force of blood on the walls of vessels. It can also be defined as an arterial blood pressure that is raised above 140/90 mm Hg (systolic/ diastolic BP). Hypertension can be classified into Secondary hypertension and Essential hypertension. When specific cause is evident but heredity, and various physiological parameters play a role in increasing blood pressure is known as Essential Hypertension. Secondary Hypertension is one where the cause is known. According to WHO guidelines between 2006 and 2015, deaths due to cardiovascular diseases are expected to increase by 17% while the deaths from infectious diseases, nutritional deficiencies, maternal and prenatal conditions are projected to decline by 3%. The main causes of hypertension includes the age ,hereditary, gender, extra weight, alcohol consumption, stress life, lazy life etc.
With the information found with what a patient’s blood pressure is, it helps health care