How Does Malaria Affect The Human Body

Malaria has been a huge problem among many developing nations over the past century. The amount of people in the entire world that die from malaria each year is between 700,000 and 2.7 million. 75% of these deaths are African children (Med. Letter on CDC & FDA, 2001). 90% of the malaria cases in the world are located in Sub-Saharan Africa. Once again, the majority of these deaths are of children (Randerson, 2002). The numbers speak for themselves. Malaria is a huge problem and needs to be dealt with immediately.

For ages malaria has affected mankind in almost all parts of the world. It has left a deep imprint on people who have been affected with the disease, and even today in countries where epidemics are common, malaria is a constant threat to people's daily lives. Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium (phylum Apicomplexa), and there are four species in the genus that cause the disease in humans. Their primary hosts and transmission vectors are female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles; humans act as intermediate hosts. Places near the equator with a warm, subtropical climate are most susceptible to malaria endemics. More than half of the

Malaria is a disease which can be transmitted to people of all ages. It is caused by parasites of the species Plasmodium that are spread from person to person through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Malaria is a parasitic disease that involves infection of the red blood cells. Of the four types of malaria, the most serious type is falciparum malaria, which can be life-threatening. The other three types of malaria (vivax, malariae, and ovale) are generally less serious and are not life-threatening. The scientific name of

The mechanism of Malaria is from a Plasmodium parasite, that originate in female Anopheles mosquitoes, that can spread into humans from the bites of the infected mosquitoes (Mohandas & An, 2012). Among the “Plasmodia species… only 4 of the over 100 species of plasmodia are infectious to humans. The majority of cases and almost all deaths are caused by Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax,

According to the CDC, in 2010 there were over 216 million cases of malaria that resulted in the 655,000 deaths (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). The incidence of malaria and the concomitant death toll illustrate the acute need for effective measures of prevention. Furthermore, over 91% of the deaths from malaria occur in Africa and furthering the case of preventative measures (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Transmission of malaria via mosquitos illustrates the difficulty in both containment and eradication of the public health risk.

Malaria is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide. It is a leading cause of death and disease in many developing countries, where young children and pregnant women are the groups most affected. According to the World Health Organization’s World Malaria Report 2013 and the Global Malaria Action Plan , 3.4 billion people (half the world’s population) live in areas at risk of malaria transmission in 106 countries and territories. In 2012, malaria caused an estimated 207 million clinical

Most of us have heard of the disease Malaria and are familiar with the fact that it is transmitted by mosquitos. We also all know that it occurs mainly in third-world, poverty-stricken areas, such as Africa and South America. However, there is a great deal of microbiology behind these deadly, microscopic diseases that makes them particularly fascinating and opens the reader’s eyes and to just how complex these organisms can be, as well as the havoc they can wreak on one’s internal body systems. Malaria infects an estimated 219 million people a year, while it claims about 660,000

Malaria is a protozoa disease transmitted by the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. It is the most important of the parasitic diseases of humans. Malaria transmission see in 107 countries, and killed more than 3 million people each year (According to World Health Organization 209 report). Sub-Saharan countries are the most malaria affected area in the world. It is transmitted from person to person by the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria is most common in poor and deprived areas. The principal determinants of the epidemiology of malaria are the number (density), the human-biting habits, and the longevity of the anopheline mosquito vectors. There are four species of the genes Plasmodium types of Malaria, which are plasmodium vivax, falciparum, and ovule; among them vivax is most common and predominantly found in Central America. P. ovule is mostly found in sub-Saharan Africa, but in recent year studies show that there is much less common. Even though there is a promising signs that shows a control of diseases transmission more than 50%, still remains a heavy burden on tropical communities, a threat to non-endemic countries, and a danger to travelers.

About 3.3 billion people, that is about half of the world’s population are at risk of contracting malaria (figure 1). Every year there are 250 million cases of malaria, and nearly 1 million deaths. That amounts to 2,732 deaths per day. Out of those million people that die every year, 800,000 of them are African children under the age of 5. To control malaria three actions need to be taken: insecticides need to be used to decrease the vector population, people have to be educated as to how to prevent the vector from reproducing, and anti-malarial drugs need to be distributed. To understand the vector and what the vector is, scientists had to first discover what the parasite was and how it worked. It was not until the year 1880 that French Physician Charles Laveran discovered that Malaria was caused by a protozoan in the genus Plasmodium (Malaria, 2013)

Plasmodium species (sp.) is the caustic protozoan parasite known to cause malarial disease. One of the most common disease in tropical and subtropical regions of the world is malaria, causing 500 million malarial infections with 1-2 million deaths per year (Tangpukdee, Duangdee, Wilairatana, & Krudsood, 2009, p. 93). In addition to the severity of the disease is dependent on the species of Plasmodium acquired by the patient with P. falciparum being the most severe and fatal while P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. knowesi cause acute disease that is rarely fatal. Furthermore, the number of malarial cases seems to be increasing due to drug resistant strains that are emerging, increased amount of travel and migration through

As medical technology is increasingly improving with continuous research, scientists are developing a range of medicinal treatments and cures that provide patients with exceptional care. Despite these treatments, there are constant biological diseases emerging that may be a severe threat to patients in the near future. In both western and undeveloped areas, infectious diseases are becoming progressively common and in desperate need of an innovative idea that will decrease death rates. Recent research conducted has found that infectious and parasitic diseases killed approximately 20.2 million people (CDC, 2016). Malaria is caused by any of four different species of the Plasmodium parasite that’s passed on through the bite of an infected mosquito, commonly known as the Anopheles mosquito. Approximately 311 million new infections and 900,000 deaths occur worldwide every year, of this, 438,000 deaths were caused by malaria (10 facts on malaria, 2015). While there is a vaccination for malaria, there is no commercially available vaccine created that produces effective results. The vaccine does not confer lifelong protection. Acquired immunity does not completely provide safety against alternated diseases, and malaria infection can continue for extended periods of time without signs of disease. With the severity of malaria cases additional funding is essential to enhance developing research into a

Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite called Plasmodium according to researches done by Center for Disease and Control. It is transmitted by mosquito bites and it is of major public health challenge in developing countries. It disproportionately affects poor people. Majority of malaria cases occur in the poorest countries of the world. (1). The journal, “The Great Killers; Malaria” compared malaria to tuberculosis, describing it as “Captain of the men of death” in Africa where it kills over a million people yearly (1). Worldwide malaria affects 200-300 million people, causing chronic debility in many (Charles Louis

Technology change can be either incremental continuum or breakthrough disruption. It can be a smooth transition or in pulses. When financial ledgers became computerized, it signified an incremental change in the existing procedure. But when we talk about concepts like AI or driverless cars, we think about something that is going to change the way we operate in our day to day life, something that no one had imagined before. While incremental change improves the quality of product and services, enhances the customer experience, a breakthrough disruption can radically change the way business operates and customers behave.

Malaria, a treatable and preventable disease, is still a major public health threat in spite of years of numerous control and intervention strategies. In 2015, the World Health Organization reported 214 million new malaria cases and more than 430,000 malaria related deaths. Sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 88% of the new cases and 90% of the deaths, with pregnant women and children under five being at the highest risk of infection. Malaria is a devastating disease that accounts for about 10% overall disease burden in Africa and more than 40% public health expenditure (Ntonifor & Veyufambom, 2016). The high malaria incident rate in sub-Saharan Africa is attributed to high transmission rates from highly efficient vectors. Hence the World Health Organization recommends vector control and other prevention strategies like use of long lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), and intermittent preventative treatment. This literature review will analyze past studies and World Health Organization reports to examine adverse outcomes of malaria infection among different populations, common interventions that have been used to control malaria infections, challenges faced in malaria prevention, and prioritizing strategies to control and prevent Malaria in Africa.

Prevalence of infant malaria cases has caused much alarm among stakeholders in the health sector; communities, policy-makers, and health workers alike. According to the 2015 Center for Disease Control statistics in an article by Ceesay et al. (2015), the overall prevalence of malaria among infants aged 6 months or less, especially in Sub-Saharan countries, was 11.8%. These astonishing figures are attributed to the neglecting of newborns in the assumption that they are protected against malaria by the presence of fetal hemoglobin and transferrable maternal antibodies (Ceesay et al., 2015). This lack of attention on malaria infection among infants, therefore, justifies the