How Does Parental Depression Affect Children

However, for two studies conducted by Briggs-Gowan., Carter, & Schwab-Stone (1996) and Sawyer, Streiner, and Baghurst (1998), the poor inter-rater reliability could prove either one of their hypothesis right. Briggs-Gowan et al.’s (1996) study was aiming to find out possible associations between maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms and the tendency to report discrepancies on the children’s psychopathology symptoms comparing to children and teachers report. Whereas, Sawyer et al. (1998) were hoping to extend Fergusson et al.’s (1993) study by proving that there was only a small effect on both parents’ distress with the reports of children’s behavior.

Though when reaching the 6 year mark it improves drastically for coping efficacy and active coping. During the study they came to a realization that the relations among parenting and coping did not differ when it came down to the children’s gender or by their baseline risk status. In my opinion I would definitely have to agree with the study as I come from divorced parents and my mother was a single parent for a couple of years when I turned 6 years old. My mother had a high quality relationship with me and I feel like due to this relationship it helped me more secure when facing stressful events. I believe that this has helped me in my adulthood when I am faced with a stressful situation, because I am able to cope and handle it

According to National Alliance on Mental Health (2016), recent findings have concluded that 1 in 5 adults have experience with a mental disorder in a given year. Children that are associated with these individuals can have different outcomes of life as compared to families without said individuals. These outcomes don 't necessarily have to be positive or negative, but they do become a substructure of who you are. As a child of a parental figure who continuously suffers with manic depressive disorder, I 've always wondered how or why this psychiatric disorder has had a direct impact on my way of life. The children that deserve an explanation, whether it can help them or not, is what makes this question so significant.

diary” and a final assessment of the child in home to find evidence of behavioral issues. These families were compensated for their time by partial repayment of their phone bill. Finally, in the third article participants are the children of participants from a previous study. These individuals were those from low income families with a single or remarried parent running the household. Each of the individuals chosen to participate were interviewed and assessed for the existence of psychiatric issues.

Depression is a disorder that can happen to anyone. It occurs more frequently with age and it is not seen in children as much as it is seen in teenagers and adults. When an individual is depressed, they experience sadness, hopelessness, low energy, lethargy, sleep changes, loss of interest, appetite changes, agitation, and many other symptoms. This can happen for many reasons, even by being around someone who suffers from depression. In the article Biased Processing of Emotional Information in Girls at Risk for Depression, by Jutta Joormann, Lisa Talbot, and Ian H. Gotlib, it is mentioned how daughters are at high risk of becoming depressed if their mothers are suffering from Major Depression Disorder (MDD). A study was done to see if the cognitive theory was true and there were many tests that were done in order to prove its validity.

It is becoming more recognized and well- known around the world that the mental well-being of one’s parents largely affects the development and or the emotional and mental states of oneself. Research is becoming much more widespread and researchers could make important recommendations on how to intervene in the lives of children with parents suffering from mental illness to best prevent harm to their health and well-being as they grow. It has been found that the most common mental illnesses among people of child-bearing age are anxiety, depression, and eating disorders. Most policy however deals with the care of children whose parents must be hospitalized due to their conditions. Much of the current research though aims to show that even those which do not require extreme medical intervention can impact children physically, emotionally, socially, cognitively, etcetera.

Participants and their mothers participated in an ongoing longitudinal study when the children were 10 and 15 years of age. Families came to the university for two laboratory visits, during which children and their mothers engaged in various tasks designed to elicit emotional and behavioral responding and parent-child interactions. At each visit, children and their mothers completed a packet of questionnaires. Families no longer living in the area were asked to complete and return a packet of questionnaires mailed to their home. The current study utilized child self-report questionnaires from the 15-year time point and maternal questionnaires from the 10 and 15-year time point.

The Positive Parenting Program also known as the Triple P Program is a proposed study developed to help improve parent adolescent relationships. The target audience for this study will include single mothers and their adolescent children who live in underserved communities. I hypothesized that poverty can lead to maladaptive childhood outcomes for children. I analyzed five articles. Each article I examined focused on the negative effects that contribute to poor parenting and harmful child outcomes. There has been evidence to state that depression, poverty, and family structure all contribute to poor parenting skills. The Triple P will be divided into three components. These components will include education, parent and child communication skills, and group counseling. Throughout the program, mothers will slowly develop on how to practice positive parenting skill.

This topic is important to me because this is affecting children and their wellbeing. No I do not have children and no I do not have any nieces or nephews but I do have plenty of cousins. That are really young and I see them as they interact with the family and their friends. I really do not want anything to happen to them. For me I have been around adults who do have depression and it is really something. I have seen them through different kinds of depression and just how badly it really affects their mood and behaviors. To see that in an adult and then to just imagine how it may be for a child who is living with depression is kind of the worst feeling. Though I have seen it on an adult I have also seen what depression of a parent can really

Depression decreases a person’s overall quality of life. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) a government agency, affirms that “depression is the most common form of mood disorder in the United States” (NIHM, 2015). “Depression involves a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors” (NIMH, 2015). It affects work, family life and relationships. Although depression usually affects adults, children and adolescents experience depression and are most likely affected into adulthood. (Guttmann & Sameroff, 2004). This paper will evaluate how conflicts between mother and daughter relationships directly affects depressive symptoms in adolescent girls. Finally, this paper examines the preventive and intervention strategies to help control depression in young females and increase the relationship between mother and daughter during adolescence years.

In conclusion, this topic is a very serious topic to discuss. Depression is one topic I have very close and personal with. Depression affects many things and when children

Depression has been known to affect more than 350 million people worldwide every year (World Health Organization, October 2015) and the illness does not discriminate on age, race, ethnicity or religion. The definition pulled from the Mayo Clinic sums up depression as a mood disorder that causes loss of interest and sadness (Mayo Clinic Staff, 1996-2016), yet depression goes much further than just lack of interest in activities and sadness. Depression can affect sleeping habits, fluctuate weight management, limit concentration, and even go as far as stimulate suicidal thoughts (American Psychological Association, 2016). When identifying who is affected the most with this mental illness, data is populated from different studies to identify underlying causes. In this case, depression amongst students in college will be the population of focus and the three main determinants being concentrated on will consist of the economic stability of a student, the neighborhood resided in before entering college and while attending college, and the health and/ or health care held by the student in college.

Depression is a common disorder, with a lifetime prevalence of 16.6% for adults, and a 12-month and lifetime prevalence of 7.5% and 11% in adolescents, respectively (Avenevoli, Swendsen, He, Burstein, & Merikangas, 2015; Kessler et al., 2005). Additionally, Avenevoli et al. (2015) note that depression has its roots in childhood, as rates of depression dramatically increase in adolescence. Thus, understanding the mechanisms involved in youth depression development is critical. Parenting and children’s emotion regulation (ER) capabilities have been extensively studied as risk factors, and each has consistently been found to convey risk for depression (Aldao, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Schweizer, 2010; McLeod, Weisz, & Wood, 2007). While direct effects on depression development exist for both factors, it is also likely that depression results from the dynamic interaction of parenting and child ER across the lifespan. Such a finding would enhance our understanding of depression’s etiology and suggest that successful depression treatment and intervention must involve intervention in multiple domains. Thus, the purpose of this review is to synthesize recent research in order to better understand how parenting and child ER interact to contribute to the emergence of youth depression.

It is true that no parent has a manual to raise a child but some parents are just terrible at parenting. Maturity among parents play a big role in the child’s behavior. It is very common that children with teenage parents have a negative impact on their behavior. This can be compared with single parents or divorced parents. Statistics are proven that children are behaving worse when they have something impactful happen in their life. Statistics shows that 50% of first marriages, 67% of second marriages, and 74% of third marriages end in divorce. This has been and will always be an impactful event for a child’s life and it definitely affects their behavior. During the 1980s, seventy-seven percent of children lived with both parents but in 2000s it went down to sixty-seven percent of children. Sixty-three percent of teen suicides and ninety percent of runaways come from fatherless homes. Eighty-five percent of children with behavioral problems come from fatherless homes. The statistics continue to build up and prove that bad parenting or missing parents affects children’s behaviors. Children’s behavior is impacted by the inexperience and irresponsible parents during this time period.

This study is introduced with a unique hypothesis and states the reason it is important in the abstract section. The article is titled “Parent influences on early childhood internalizing difficulties”. The main focus of the study was the concern that children 's internalization of mental illness is a major concern for parents and society in general. However, this is due to the significant increase in health issue over a long period of time. This study in particular is important because the researchers experimented with a multivariate model to predict the effects of parenting practices on young children and infants, as well, it indicated in the research that parent anxiety and depression levels will directly affect the health of child(ren). In the research, about 112 children who were aged at around 2 years old were followed up to the age of 4. Parents participated in finishing questionnaires and playground observations were the main providers of independent measurement based on parenting as well as child variables. In the article, the hypothesis is that “predictors of early childhood internalizing difficulties were over-involved/protective parenting, low warm-engaged parenting, and parental anxiety–depression” which falls in the four main categories of parenting techniques discussed in lectures. Any family depression/stress related and both parental depression/anxiety also predicted problematic parenting practices. The researchers finding within the experiment was completed