How Does Straphylococcus Affect The Immune System

Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections, it can cause serious infections such as bloodstream infection, pneumonia or bone infections. Though it can cause infections it is part of the normal human flora it is mostly found on the skin or in nasal cavities. It is a facultative anaerobic gram positive cocci, it is usually in pairs or clusters. The bacterium is also catalase positive, oxidase

Imagine the bacteria as robbers trying to invade a house, the body in this analogy. The immune system is the police officers in charge of the house, and the meninges are the alarms around the point of the house that the robbers want to come in through. The robbers trick the police officers into helping them rob the house. The robbers used the police officers, originally intended to do good.

Bacteria affected 2 million people from antibiotic resistance bacteria and 23,000 die per year due to the infections. Bacteria works by entering the body in various ways, they can enter past nose, mouth or ears as they are small, they can be inhaled from the air, eaten from food as well as through cuts/ open wounds.

Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A streptococcus (GAS), is a β-hemolytic, Gram-positive bacterium that most commonly causes respiratory disease, including pharyngitis or tonsillitis, as well as skin infections such as impetigo and cellulitis. The organism is transmitted via respiratory droplets or by contact with fomites, and commonly infects young children. In addition to the common clinical presentations associated with S. pyogenes, some individuals develop the postinfectious sequelae of rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. Due to the severity of these medical consequences, prophylactic antibiotic use is often recommended for any patients with otherwise mild S. pyogenes infections (21).

Group B Streptococcus agalactiae is an important Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that cause a wide variety of clinical infections, ranging from septicemia to meningitis. The reported lethality of severe S. agalactiae infections is ranging from 4 to 6% in the United States. Of note, it has been suggested that the incidence of neonatal disease is considerably greater than reported, because the requirement for positive cultures from blood or cerebrospinal fluid may underestimates the true burden of disease. Therefore, in this review I focused on virulence factors of S. agalactiae in order to elucidate aspects of the infection.

Streptococcus Pyogenes is a very diverse bacteria with effects ranging from nothing or a mild sore throat, to flesh eating disease, causing death in 40-60% of patients. The major and most common illnesses associated with this bacteria

1. Normally, the immune system protects the body from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria,

Instead of being recognized and attacked by T cells, bacteria are recognized and attacked by complement proteins. “Complement proteins assist in bacterial killing via three pathways, the classical complement pathway, the alternative complement pathway or the lectin pathway. The first steps of the classical complement pathway require the binding of antibodies to the surface of the target bacterium” (Immune, 2016). At this point, the antibodies are handled by protein complexes which bind to the surface of the invader (much the same as the process of T cells in viruses). In other words, the body goes through a similar reaction of identifying and then attempting to destroy the invader, including the formation of a membrane attack complex. “MAC can insert into the cell membrane of Gram-negative, but not Gram-positive, bacteria. There, it produces pores that allow the entry of membrane damaging molecules, such as lysozyme, and makes the bacterium susceptible to osmotic lysis” (Immune,

Three of the body’s physical and chemical barriers against infection are the skin, the respiratory tract and the immune system. The skin prevents microorganisms from entering the body. The respiratory tract is lined with mucous membranes and cells that sweep out foreign matter, while other particles may be eliminated through a cough. The immune system defends against infection through cells that distinguish foreign cells from the bodies own cells. The immune system is able to eliminate microorganisms from the body.

Lymphocytes- These leukocytes are comprised of B and T cells. B cells secrete antibodies and the T cells kill infections. Therefore lymphocytes aid in defending the immune system.

When this occurs, the body’s defence mechanisms are activated; seeing as the infection is already in the body, 3rd line defence mechanisms come into play. The 3rd line of defence is a specific resistance which forms an immune response and targets specific

Group B streptococcus, or GBS, is most commonly known as neonatal sepsis. The causative organism for this infection is an encapsulated Streptococcus agalactiae. Streptococcus agalactie is a gram-positive spherical bacterium that can be found within the reproductive, gastrointestinal tract and rectum. Although it is not a sexually transmitted infection, this type of bacterium cause harm to the fetus during pregnancy. It comes and goes throughout a persons’ lifetime and does not show symptoms in women who are colonized. Although group b streptococcus exists in the rectum of 25% of pregnant women, only about 2% of them will develop an

Streptococcus pyogenes is a very common bacteria found in humans. It is very transmissible and can be caught through the air via coughing or sneezing. This form of Strep. illness is referred to as Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as Strep. throat, which can complicate into Scarlet Fever. It is also possible to be infected through abrasions of the skin, which can result in cellulitis, impetigo, or even necrotizing fasciitis. Aside from human to human contact, these bacteria can also be found in unpasteurized milk. There is no vaccine for Streptococcal infections, though antibiotics such as penicillin still work very well against them.

The bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes has been infecting people for more than a century. Once a deadly bacterium, now only an antibiotic from curing the diseases it causes. Streptococcus pyogenes has been responsible for excruciating throat pains and even in some cases a horrendous rash included. This paper will talk about the history of this organism, how it acts as a pathogen, how people attract it, the symptoms that come with the disease, tests that can be implemented to identify if one has this bacteria, the treatments for the diseases, how people can prevent from getting the diseases, and what research is being conducted to cure the bacteria called Streptococcus pyogenes.

It is an infection caused by pathogens such as viruses, but more likely bacteria, especially when children are getting sick. In particular, the "responsible" is the number one affection Streptococcus, to be defeated, as we shall see in a moment, with the right