How Does Substrate Concentration Affect The Rate Of Enzymes

This would be a suitable independent variable as it would be easy to change ourselves. If the concentration of the substrate increases the faster the rate of reaction, as more hydrogen peroxide molecules can collide with catalase molecules, so more reactions will take place. As you increase the concentration of substrate this will continue to occur up to a point where all the active sites on the enzyme are being used.

If the substrate concentration is increased then the rate of a catalase reaction will also increase until it reaches the optimal concentration or saturation point and will remain constant. This is because there will be more substrate molecules in a higher concentration therefore a higher frequency of collisions. This increases enzyme activity and more product will be formed. However at a certain concentration the enzymes will become saturated (all

As the substrate in increased the initial reaction rate will increase until it is fully submerged and then will not increase any more. The relationship is linear. As the substrate concentration increases, the initial reaction rate increases.

However if the temperature exceeds the optimum temperature the enzyme becomes denatured. This is because there is too much energy causing the enzyme molecules to vibrate causing the bonds maintaining their tertiary structure to break. The enzyme unravels causing the shape of the active site to change so it can no longer fit with the substrate.

What does the changes in the amount of substrate on an enzyme’s reaction effect on?

As the enzyme concentration increased so too did the activity rate. The relatively level areas show where there was substrate depletion.

Hypothesis: If the concentration of a substrate increases, any time an enzyme happens upon a substrate it will be free to help that substrate react, but then when an enzyme encounters a new substrate at a slightly higher concentration it will already be working on another substrate, therefore, as we increase substrate concentration it is not going to increase as fast as the reaction rate.

Enzyme saturation occurs because there is a limit on how fast a reaction can proceed and at some substrate concentrations all active sites on the enzyme are engaged.

However, the rate of reaction only increases for a certain period of time until there is lesser substrate molecules than the enzyme molecules. The increase of enzyme concentration does not have effect if there are lesser substrate molecules than enzyme molecules initially.

“Enzymes are proteins that have catalytic functions” [1], “that speed up or slow down reactions”[2], “indispensable to maintenance and activity of life”[1]. They are each very specific, and will only work when a particular substrate fits in their active site. An active site is “a region on the surface of an enzyme where the substrate binds, and where the reaction occurs”[2].

If the temperature is too hot or too cold, then the reactivity and reaction rate of which the enzyme catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide will decrease.

Each enzyme is very specific and can only catalyze a certain reaction. The specific reaction catalyzed by an enzyme depends on the molecular structure and shape of a small area of the enzyme’s surface called the active site. The active site an attract and hold only its specific molecules. The target molecule that the enzyme attracts and acts upon is called the substrate. The substrate and the active site of the molecule must fit together very closely. Sometimes the enzyme changes its shape slightly to bring about the necessary fit.

reaction rate increases. If the temperature of an enzyme gets to high the reaction rate will slow

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts and help reactions take place. In short, enzymes reduce the energy needed for a reaction to take place, permitting a reaction to take place more easily. Some enzymes are shape specific and reduce the energy for certain reactions. Enzymes have unique folds of the amino acid chain which result in specifically shaped active sites (Frankova Fry 2013). When substrates fit in the active site of an enzyme, then it is able to catalyze the reaction. Enzyme activity is affected by the concentrations of the enzymes and substrate present (Worthington 2010). As the incidence of enzyme increases, the rate of reaction increases. Additionally, as the incidence of substrate increases so does the rate of reaction.

The hypothesis is as the substrate concentration has an increase so will the reaction of velocity if the amount of enzyme is kept constant.