How Does Sylvia Plath Use Gender Stereotypes In The Bell Jar

Despite this initial attraction to, and appreciation of, Doreen’s messy, flirty lifestyle, Esther still remains stuck in a traditional mindset. She turns on Doreen after she witnesses what she perceives as Doreen’s whorish, sloppy behavior in the incident with Lenny, where in which Doreen had drunk herself sick and acted promiscuously with a man she had met on the street just a few hours before. Esther even states that “[d]eep down, I would be loyal to Betsey and her innocent friends. It was Betsey I resembled at heart” (22). Earlier in the novel, Doreen and Esther had made fun of Betsey’s wholesome, goody-goody personality, calling her “Pollyanna Cowgirl” (6) behind her back. Even though Esther was originally awed by Doreen’s boldness, she feels naturally compelled to stay true to the clean, innocent lifestyle preferred for women in the 1950s.

Slowly declining from the mental strain of school and work and relationships, Esther begins to question her reason for being here, introducing a more obvious form of her mental state, “How could I write about life when I’d never had a love affair or a baby or even seen anybody die?” (Plath 121). Esther realizes that she hasn’t really lived life. During her downfall into depression, she begins to realize that she doesn’t have control over herself and that the future that she envisioned for herself isn’t the future she will in fact

In Sylvia Plath's novel The Bell Jar, Esther Greenwood seems incapable of healthy relationships with other women. She is trapped in a patriarchal society with rigid expectations of womanhood. The cost of transgressing social norms is isolation, institutionalization and a lost identity as woman. The struggle for an individual identity under this regime is enough to drive a person to the verge of suicide. Given the oppressive system under which she must operate, Esther Greenwood's problems with women stem from her conflict between individuality and conformity.

The pain and trauma that stem from Esther’s illness have warped her view of the world around her. However, this symbol also represents the pressures put on women in the 1950s to be what was considered ideal for women during this era. The bell jar “suggests more than Esther’s inner alienated world”, it also “signifies society which destroys Esther” and “symbolizes ‘scientific punishment’ for non-conformists” (Evans 105). She “must combat the additional alienation of being an aspiring woman in an era of strict limitations for women” which only hinders her further from her goals in life (Axelrod). While many women at the time planned on marrying and settling down, Esther does not view these expectations for women in the same way and instead wishes to be her own independent person. While working as the guest editor of Mademoiselle, a fashion magazine, Esther “suffocates under the bell jar forced on her by a competitive, male-oriented society”(Evans 105). During the fifties women were not expected to have successful careers in general and the male dominant world held a high level of competition; while trying to come out on top in this society Esther ends up cracking under the intense pressure. Representing both the stifling social limits set on women and the protagonist’s dismal mental state, the bell jar is a robust symbol in this novel.

Everyone deserves the freedom to be who they are without prejudice, without repugnance, and without the fear of not being accepted. In the book The Bell Jar, the author, Sylvia Plath took the reader into the mind of a suicidal woman named Esther Greenwood. The novel was set in the 1950s, a time period in which an ordinary woman is only seen as the person that stays at home as a mother and wife. Howbeit, Esther did not want to become one of the cliched women. In lieu she wanted to be an independent writer that did not get pressured into marriage. The Bell Jar opens the readers up to the ideas of what stereotypes and expectations can do to a person’s self-esteem along with their mental condition. That being said, the theme of The Bell Jar is, the pressure to follow certain stereotypes can lead to a corrupt mental state.

In her search for identity, Esther often compares herself to others. One sign of depression is the feeling the need to compare yourself to others. Throughout the story, Esther questions other’s morals and characteristics and tries to apply them to herself. One

Esther experiences similar falsities in society. Esther observes the society around her and doesn’t support the standards she’s expected to live up to. She struggles with connecting with others because everyone around her, including Buddy, try to conform her and make her something she doesn’t wholly want. Buddy and others don’t support Esther in her unconventional desires which leads to her feelings of confusion and emptiness. Soon enough, Esther is unable to feel anything, which results into her time in mental institutions and multiple suicide attempts.

Esther evidently feels as if she is constantly being judged and tested, although in fact she is not. Her magnified sense of distrust is illustrated repeatedly throughout the course of the book, at once involving the reader and developing her own characteristic response to unique situations. Finally, one who views occurrences which can only be categorized as coincidental as being planned often experiences a suspicious response. When she finds out that an acquaintance from high school is at the same hospital, her first reaction is wariness: "It occurred to me that Joan, hearing where I was, had engaged the room at the asylum on pretence, simply as a joke." (Plath 207). Although the reader is incredulous of the protagonist's manner of thought, it is also possible to feel a connection to the situation. Such a

Buddy immortalizes everything that the atypical breadwinning man of the 1950s was - masculine, religious, attractive and promising in his studies. The mistreatment of women in 1950s era America is embodied in Buddy’s views on Esther’s own ambitions of being “a famous poet” or a “brilliant professor.” Buddy dismisses her, “saying in a sinister, knowing way that after I [Esther] had children I would feel differently, I wouldn't want to write poems any more.” Under the guise of the perfect man withdraws his true bigoted attitude. The subversion, almost mockery of Esther’s goals serves as an observation of the truly smug prick Buddy is, carrying a bloated self importance and complete disregard for Esther's own aspirations.

When Esther first arrives in New York, she doesn't have the same reaction that most of the other girls around her have. She enforces this reaction when she says “I guess I should have been excited the way most of the other girls were, but I couldn't get myself to react.” From a psychological perspective we could tell that something is deeply wrong with her. She is isolating herself from others. According to Saul McLeod, the author of the article called “Psycho dynamic Approach” states that “our behaviors and feelings as adults are powerfully affected by the unconscious thoughts” . This means that unconscious are a product of behaviors and feelings. She is unable to think in a rational way because of her inability to control the balance between her conscious and unconscious thoughts.

She is a brilliant student, bright and talented, but her future after college is uncertain. “I was supposed to be having the time of my life,” she says (pp 2). Everyone around her seems to be happy, but Esther is growing dissatisfied with her life. Esther “came of age in an era where women were explicitly told that happiness could only be achieved through the enactment of a biological imperative, in a society in which all deviance was treated with suspicion (Smith, pp 34.)” But, she knows that marriage and babies are not what she wants and will not make her happy: "The last thing I wanted was infinite security and to be the place an arrow shoots off from.

Esther’s mother and society’s expectation as a woman, which is to be a good wife and a mother, suffocate and demoralize Esther’s dream as a professional writer. Esther’s mother wants her to “...learn shorthand after college, so I’d have a practical skill as well as a college degree” (Plath 40). Her mother believes that Esther cannot further advance her education as a writer and simply wants her to be a secretary since professional career for women was uncommon and discouraged because it disturbs the role as a married woman. These pressures often obliged her to fall into the societal expectations, to give up her higher education, and to marry somebody. However, she knew that the marriage and the babies were not for her, “because cook and clean and wash were just about

To Esther, the world seems quite unfriendly, and the novel documents her desperate search for identity and reassurance. Nevertheless, Esther is intrigued by the world around her, and at the start of the book she is seen with a wondrous outlook on life that is reflected in the metaphors throughout the novel (Coyle). In the first half of the book, Esther is fascinated by the medical practices of her boyfriend, Buddy, as well as by current events in the newspapers and the thought of her own future family. As the story progresses, however, Esther becomes indifferent about life, and she develops bitterness toward everything that appears to prevent her from achieving things she wants (Huf). As Esther’s mental state worsens, the metaphors and similes presented to the reader begin to have negative connotations

Originally, I found quotes from this novel and had an interest in reading it; however, the morbid topic stopped me from reading it at the time. This assignment provided me with an opportunity to finally read the book which I thoroughly enjoyed due to the similarities between Esther and myself, as well as the relevance of the themes to today’s society. Especially at this time in my life as I am attempting to find a purpose for my own life, Esther’s story reflects many of my own fears. She believes she will be a poet until she admits out loud that she “‘[doesn’t] really know,’” shocking herself because she “knew it was true” (Plath 32).

Throughout the story “The Bell Jar” by Sylvia Plath, Esther’s mental health deteriorates overtime due to various factors in her social environment such as double standards. The novel begins with Esther’s internship at the Ladies’ Day magazine in New York City. Despite living the life every girl wishes to live, Esther is dejected and feels disengaged with the environment around her; thus resulting in the beginning of an identity crisis. Through the events of the story, gender double roles in the areas of education, careers, virginity and marriage affect Esther’s life significantly and it consequently leading to Esther’s confusion with her identity within the society. During the 50s, women were seen to be inferior to and dependent on men as