How Does Trumbo Use Anaphora In Johnny Got His Gun

“They carried the soldier’s greatest fear which was the fear of blushing. Men killed and died, because they were embarrassed not to. It was what had brought them to war in the first place, nothing positive, no dreams of glory or honor, just to avoid blush of dishonor. They died so as not to die of embarrassment.” (O’Brien pg. 20)

Profoundly interpersonal, the experience of shame is also therefore social and cultural. Shame is the result of feeling deficient, whether in relation to a parent, an admired friend, or a more powerful social group (39).

The article ‘Embarrassment and Social Organisation’ was written for the American Journal of sociology in 1956, since then Goffman 's work on embarrassment has been the backbone of understanding the sociology of embarrassment, as well as understanding the structures that reinforce the embarrassment. Goffman suggests that embarrassment is a recognisable deviation from the ease that is considered natural during social interaction. Embarrassment can be recognised through signs of emotional disturbance, blushing fumbling stuttering or change in voice, blinking or other actions that can be considered improper given the social interaction. Goffman describes two types of embarrassment, sustained

Many popular public speakers utilize repetition in their speeches to influence a more powerful statement, however, this also includes literature. Repetition comes in many forms that all change or implicate different meanings and emotions within a text. Dalton Trumbo uses this technique to envelope various themes in his stories, like Johnny Got His Gun. In the book Johnny Got his Gun, Dalton Trumbo utilizes repetition to illustrate the idiocy and brutality of war in order to demonstrate the true and appalling nature of modern warfare and the draft.

Because he is too young to fully understand all the factors of the situation, Joe teeters between taking the law into his own hands and trusting his father to achieve justice through diligence. Inevitably, Joe plots to take his own actions against the attacker. He and his friends conspire to find the attacker. They undermine Bazil’s attempt for restorative, long-term justice when they confront the attacker and shoot him.

In the post-apocalyptic video game Fallout 4, the main character who is aptly named the Sole-Survivor, truthfully says “War, war never changes.” The principle that war never changes despite variations in setting or advancements in technology is thoroughly emphasized in the novel Johnny Got His Gun by Dalton Trumbo, and the film Shenandoah directed by Andrew V. McLaglen. In the novel Johnny Got His Gun, the main character Joe Bonham was a soldier serving in WWI when he was unfortunately hit by an artillery shell. When Joe eventually wakes up, he is given the lonely task of trying to put the missing pieces of his life back together again, which is harder task than he first imagined. Another story that skillfully shows the hidden consequences

Every individual comes to a point in their life in which they begin to swim away from the harbor their parents raised them in, and begin navigating their own life. Dalton Trumbo uniquely portrays the familiar concept of coming-of-age, within a passage from his novel Johnny Got His Gun, in which he depicts a son wanting to take a friend fishing instead of his father who has taken him annually during their camping trip. Trumbo gives insight into the internal turmoil that strikes when confronting ones parents about wanting to drift away from the anchor they’ve been for them. He clearly articulates his point, illustrating the flow in thought from tense to reflective using precise selection of detail, applying a shift in point of view, and naturalistic imagery.

What does it mean to be publicly shamed? Have you ever been publicly shamed? These are all great questions that come to mind when you consider the world we live in today. Author Jon Ronson does a wonderful job answering these questions in his bestselling book So You’ve Been Publicly Shamed. Throughout the book, Ronson takes the reader into the lives of those who have been publicly shamed.

Dalton Trumbo, author of Johnny Got His Gun, is known for his unique style of writing. Many acclaimed authors of books such as Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice have a formal writing style , on the other hand, Trumbo’s is informal. It consists of short sentences and punctuation techniques. This writing style is what sets Trumbo apart from others because this writing style is difficult to execute and it is hard to apply to other works of literature. His book, Johnny Got His Gun has won the award for “National Award for Most Original Book”. This book is about a soldier named Joe who has become handicapped after a bomb blast and experiences flashbacks which reflect back onto his past and present time. The authors’ style of writing affects the way a reader interprets the story through the use of literary elements and literary devices. Fine

These quotes allow the reader to sympathize with the Clark family, but also get them thinking about the morality of this shooting.

Additionally, by using pathos appeal it allows the reader sympathize and familiarize with Tim O’Brien’s emotions. He invokes the audience by asking rhetorical questions which put yourself in his situation. “What would you do? Would you jump? Would you feel pity for yourself? Would you think about your family and your childhood and your dreams and all you're leaving behind? Would it hurt? Would it feel like dying? Would you cry, as I did?” (54) He uses emotional nouns that everybody has an emotional attachment with like “family, childhood and dreams.” By questioning important aspects of life, really makes the reader sympathize with his confusion. O’Brien adds to the pathos appeal by applying anaphora and parallel structure by repeating the words

Schultz first describes an experience he has of a prostitute approaching him and asking if he needed “company” in which Schultz responds by asking her why she chose this life (6). By questioning her career choice instead of shaming her ethics, he convinces the readers to reconsider their quick judgement of her selling her body immorally, knowing she has no other choice. This occurs again, when he experiences being held at gunpoint “not even 15 minutes later” by a strange man on the same street (23). Ordinarily, most people would assume this man is a criminal, but Schultz stated that it was “clear he wasn’t looking for a fight,” thus the listeners reconsiders how they feel about the him since he was not actually looking for violence, but just a way to get by (28). What is surprisingly appealing is the questions he asks them to figure out why they committed these crimes. Schultz uses these experiences to persuade his readers into understanding the reasoning behind these people's actions. Moreover, seeing it through Schultz’s point of view changes the audience’s perspective of these individuals giving them more credit than just being labeled a criminal or

Another rhetorical technique used is rhetorical questions. Chief Joseph asks rhetorical questions such as Should’t every man be equal? This is establishing a personal connection, and using a little bit of guilt towards the audience, which is the white men. Rhetorical techniques are why this speech is so

“Shame corrodes the very part of us that believes we are capable of change”(Brené Brown). In The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a woman is publicly shamed for having a child with a man who is not her husband. Another example of public shame can be seen in modern day articles “Florida ‘Scarlet Letter’ Law is Repealed by Gov. Bush,” by Dana Canedy, and “Houston Couple Gets ‘The Scarlet Letter’ Treatment.” Both talk of public shame that people have had to endure in the present day. Public shaming is not an effective punishment because it is a cruel and unusual punishment, it does not deter crime, and it can emotionally traumatize the one being shamed.

In every country in the world there are certain levels of shaming that every society has, where some countries have extreme shame than others. Shaming is form of criticism and judgement when an individual violates social or moral norms. Shaming fundamentally reacts our psychological need for acceptance and approval from either someone or the public. It is true that for centuries, shame has been given a negative name, but there is reason why shame has existed for a long time and why it will continue to exist in the future. Shaming should be part of society since it brings order and control, it causes people to reflect their wrong doing, and it creates a positive change that affects everyone. Shaming should be part of the society since shaming, most of the time, brings positive results.