How Internalisation Of Subgingival Bacteria By Epithelial Cells Represent Invasion By The Bacteria Or A Defensive Strategy Of The

Blood and saliva borne bacteria are mainly the reason for some serious infectious diseases (Szymanska, 2005, Martin et al., 2009). For example, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a known virus that may be contracted in dental clinics. Investigation of the presence of the virus in the oral fluids of hepatitis B carriers showed that %70 of their sample were infectious (Molinari & Harte, 2010). The greatest concentration of the HBV is under the gingival sulucs where this area is inflamed routinely and allows blood to mix

     Periodontal disease is more commonly known as gum disease or gingivitis. This infection is serious enough, that it can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. This chronic infection starts around the tooth and it affects the supporting bone and gums. Periodontal disease can affect anywhere from one tooth to all thirty-two teeth. The disease pathology starts with the plaque that builds up on your teeth everyday.

Also commonly referred to as Gingivitis, gum disease is a contagious bacterial infection that not only affects your mouth ecology, but that can have pronounced effects on your overall health. Locally, it can be responsible for eroding and destroying your gums, and in more advanced stages it can lead to tooth loss and even jawbone erosion. Still, left untreated, the inflammation from the bacterial infection can even lead to a variety of ailments ranging from increased allergies to cancer.

The most important cariogenic bacteria are Streptococcus mutans. Other cariogenic bacteria include S. salivarius and S. sanguis as well as various species of Eikenellan and Lactobacillus. Dental caries is a disease of the tooth enamel and the tooth itself, while periodontal disease is a combination of gum swelling and erosion of the ligaments and bone that supports the teeth. Mildest form of periodontal disease is gingivitis, while the most severe form is called acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis also known as trench mouth. Poor oral hygiene, unhealthy diet, alcohol and tobacco use may constitute in the development of dental caries and periodontal

A new epidemic disease is on the rise, it is easily obtained but also easily preventable with the proper care of maintenance. Many people suffer from a common disease know all around the world as tooth decay. Its scientific organism name is known as Streptococcus mutant. Not only will I discuss how it can develop but also where it originated from and to inform what are some options to help maintain proper dental care if diagnosed with it and help prevent it before it forms. Whether it’s occurs genetically or physically. This will also inform how the smallest things from too much candy, to not enough flossing can lead to a painful infection or a painful budget.

As stated by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, “Each year, more than 30,000 new cases of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx are diagnosed and over 8,000 deaths due to oral cancer occur.” (CDC). Most adults are unaware that they have periodontal disease or gum disease, this occurs because they do not maintain routine checkups with their dentist. When we insert food and other bacteria into our mouths, it affects our teeth and gums. We need routine dental checkups and cleanings throughout our lives. Dental checkups usually involve x-rays, cleanings, and the examination of the mouth.

Oral care is important to keep up with no matter if you are healthy, or have some sort of syndrome or disease. If oral care is not as important to you as food is, then you may be asking for infection because your mouth is a very dirty environment. It is a bacteria heaven. In this paper, I will address a few different topics. First, we will talk about oral care for patients with autism, then patients that have Down syndrome. Both of these

It is very common to have little knowledge about oral hygiene and its importance’s. Most people think that everything is fine as long as there isn’t any pain or bad breath. Unfortunately, this is a myth. Oral hygiene requires great importance of attention and is not simply based on how physically attractive a smile looks. In the article, “The health Perils of Gum Disease” it is stated that “gums are a barrier that help prevent inflammation that may damage your body” (Barker 1). In order to maintain a healthy mouth it is necessary to not only keep up with maintenance at home but also frequently seek a dental professional for proper cleanings and guidance. Lacking these tasks can cause great damage not only to the mouth

The skin consists of multiple layers and provides a physical barrier to infection. The sebaceous and sweat glands help establish an acidic environment with high salt concentration that kills microorganisms and the epidermis sheds regularly to discourage colonisation and prevent infection. The human body also contains an abundance of normal flora such as Escherichia coli that are important for health and compete with foreign microbes for attachment sites and nutrients to prevent colonisation. When these barriers fail, the human body can elicit a non - specific inflammatory response to cause vasodilation and form a fibrin clot to localise the infection. This triggers a phagocytic response that engulfs and destroys the foreign microbes to return the body to normal (Willey et al.,

The most common cause of Gingivitis is poor oral hygiene (Mayo Clinic. 2017). The gums are attached to the teeth at a lower point of the gums edge that cannot be seen. This forms a space called a sulcus. When food gets trapped in this space an infection or Gingivitis may occur. Infections can occur from plaque build up. Plaque is known as a thin film of bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth. When plaque advances, it will harden and become tartar. Which can then develop an infection when the plaque

Bacterial infections are causative factors for cancer that have been widely overlooked. Studies in the 90's have shown the bacteria Helicobacter pylori to be a primary cause for gastric cancer. This discovery revolutionized the association between microbial agents and cancers. More recently, studies involving microorganisms in the oral cavity have shown connections to cancerous growth. The inflammation caused by the bacteria P. gingivalis actually leads to changes in cell responses- including those involved in cell death and cell division.

Gingival herpesvirus infection may promote subgingival attachment and colonization of periodontopathic bacteria similar to the enhanced bacterial adherence to virus-infected cells observed in other infections. Loss of virus-damaged epithelial cells may expose the basement membrane and the

Gum disease or periodontal disease is caused by a sticky film of bacteria that has formed in tiny pockets around your teeth. The sticky bacteria called plaque. Plaque causes the tissues that support your teeth get infected. Gum disease can cause the loss of teeth, tissue, and bone. Chronic periodontitis affects 47.2% of adults over 30 in the United States” (Gum Disease, MouthHealthy.Org). However, according to the book, A Wellness Way of Life by Robbins, Powers, and Burgess; “Gum disease can increase inflammation and can be prevented by practicing good oral health (i.e. flossing every day and brushing your teeth for two minutes twice a day)” (A Wellness Way of Life,

Each and every human mouth contains microorganisms, good and bad. It has been concluded that there are up to 1,000 variety of microorganisms residing in the oral cavity. Many of these bacteria are harmless to humans and are natural to the body. However, there are several that can cause decay and chronic infection in the oral cavity, which are also known as gram negative bacteria (Gehrig & Willmann, 2016). Biofilm, also known as plaque that forms on teeth, contains an organized matrix of microorganisms, which consists of these gram negative bacteria that can cause periodontitis. There are several types of biofilm in nature, but plaque in the oral cavity can be very destructive to a human’s periodontium and can place other organ systems at risk for harm. Bacteria reproduce very quickly and form huge colonies quickly as well (Gehrig & Willmann, 2016). It is important for women, who are pregnant or whom are trying to become pregnant, to have a thorough periodontal exam,

A total of forty five subjects were included in the study with an age ranged from thirty five to forty five years. They were divided into three groups. Group1 (control group) include 15 healthy subjects. Group2 ( chronic gingivitis group) include 15 patients; those patients were diagnosed as having chronic gingivitis after obtaining a proper case history, and through clinical and radiographic examination. Group3 ( chronic periodontitis group) include 15 patients; those patients were diagnosed as having chronic periodontitis after obtaining a proper case history, and through clinical and radiographic examination. Both study groups (group 2 and group3) had undergone phase I therapy.