How Intifada Affected the Peace Process in the Middle East affected by the

The forcible eviction of the Palestinians and the denial of their right of return, has led to them becoming refugees, this has translated into the adoption of aggressive tactics and strategies to achieve their goal of a sovereign nation. Palestinian society is territorially disjointed by the divisions of the West Bank (administered by Fatah) and the Gaza area (administered by Hamas) creating a disharmony in interest articulation towards the goal of

The west had been essential to the nation’s creation, and exerted its power in Israel. Israel’s leaders developed allegiances with western countries which had been essential in the formation of their country. Tension in the area grew, both inside and outside of the state, and violence was used against both sides. However, measures were not taken to undue the problems that had arisen from the unfair nature of the agreement. “Palestinians had been branded as ignorant, hostile, and violent” and non-Jewish groups found it difficult to practice their religion as they had before. Despite the obvious inequities that were growing, the west did little to alleviate the pain that it played a large part in creating. It seemed as if “People in the west seem so taken with material things, It’s as if they have nothing in their spirit, so they need to surround themselves

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is the one of the world’s oldest conflicts, and it is still an ongoing problem in the world. Zionists and Arabs: two groups with conflicting beliefs who both claim Israel as their own. In wake of the Holocaust the U.N decided to gift the Jews a homeland for the lives lost in the genocide. In 1947, the U.N Partition divided the land of Israel (Historic Palestine) into two separate states: Arab and Jewish. Since then, the state of Israel has been the center of conflict between the Arabs and the Zionists. As time passed the Zionists gained more land from winning the Six-Day War, and consequently the Palestinians had to live as refugees in other Arab countries. Additionally, more than 75% of the land belonged to

A narrative based on collective memory is difficult to deconstruct and functions as a barrier to negotiations. Given that narratives play an important role in determining the flow of the negotiations and that every new generation on both sides is raised with this narrative of insecurity in mind, the gap of conflict is widened through a hardening of attitudes amplified by the delay of resolving the stalemate. Connecting the gap to security arguments, the gap is further widened when collective memory functions as the key in altering the status quo especially in asymmetrical conflict where the weaker group fears the total domination of the other and contests the imbalance by resorting to violence. A clash in security narratives is seen: Palestinians justify their violent actions by trying to balance out with Israel claiming that they feel powerless and fear the loss of dignity, while Israelis justify their actions citing issues of threat and security. As seen in the eruption of the second intifada, Palestinian riots occurred after events that affected their sense of security. First, Ariel Sharon’s visit to the Temple Mount reminded the Palestinians of their claim over East Jerusalem and saw Sharon’s visit

Chapter three of Eyal Press’ Beautiful Souls follows Avner Wishnitzer, an Israeli combat soldier serving in the occupied territories during the Second Intifada. In the 6-Day War of 1967, Israel captured the West Bank and the Gaza Strip and has since kept the land under an Israeli military occupation. In 1987 to 1991, a Palestinian uprising involving resistance and civil disobedience, known as the First Intifada, occurred in the occupied territories. Consequently, Israel deployed many soldiers into the occupied territories, and an estimated 1,674 people were killed in total. The Second Intifada, a much more violent Palestinian uprising in the occupied territories, transpired from 2000 until 2005. In response, Israel enacted Operation Defensive Shield, a large-scale military operation, in 2002 to stop the terrorist attacks and suicide bombings of the Second Intifada. An approximate 4,426 people were killed in the Second Intifada. Avner Wishnitzer’s public refusal to serve in the occupied territories was worth getting kicked out of Sayeret Matkal and being disgraced by Israeli society because it made people question the occupation and the treatment towards Palestinians. Even if Avner had been my father, I would have condoned his choices because I could create my own reputation in the military. Additionally, the current controversy over the Israeli occupation legitimizes his stance and actions for many Israeli citizens.

These wars had made angry Palestinian lost more and more land causing many terrorist attacks and suicide bombings occurred during the conflict planned by Palestinian terrorist organizations such as the Hamas. Civil Palestinians’ anger had also lead to Intifada (1987) and Second

This tension came to a climax in 1936 during Arab Revolt, leaving 300 Jews and 5,000 Arabs dead, and over 15,000 Arabs injured. After WWII, large amounts of Jews were left as refugees, and on the eve of the expiration of the League of Nations Mandate, Israel announced its independence. A day latter, Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon joined forces in order to stop Israel from becoming a state. There were a total of around 15,000 killed. A Palestinian’s journal explained the brutality when they wrote, “They took about 40 prisoners from the village. But after the battle was over, they took them to the quarry where they shot them dead and threw their bodies in the quarry” (10). Almost one million Palestinians were forcibly relocate. The war ended in 1949 in a ceasefire.

Since the UN partition of Israel and Palestine in 1947, Israel has been placed in many instances of conflict between the Jewish migrants to the region and the Palestinian natives. Several conflicts resulted in open, declared war, such as the First Arab-Israeli War of 1948-1949, and the Yom Kippur War of 1973. In addition, Israel has been involved in the occupation of the West Bank and the blockade of the Gaza Strip. After the last open war, Israel’s occupation of the West Bank has been marked by the military governorate, taking political and institutional control of the region that is ethnically and religiously different than the population that resides in the Jewish state of Israel.

The big question we ask ourselves today is, will Israel and Palestine ever agree to stop fighting? The conflict between Israel and Palestine has been traced all the way back to 1948 through 2005 in The Israel Palestine Land Settlement Problem, written by Charles Rowley and Jennis Taylor. However, this conflict did not end in 2005. This article was written in 2006, so anything within the last 10 years is not included. The conflict between the two counties still continues to this day and still remains a major problem. Israelis and Arabs have been fighting over Gaza on and off for decades now. The three issues laid out in this article are the four major wars that took place, the refugee problem, and the conflict between religions. It concludes with the road map to peace. Throughout his whole book, The Israel-Palestine Conflict, Gelvin speaks of the same historical events that occurred between Israel and Palestine, while the article reveals there are still other conflicts, the land settlement problem has been the major conflict between Israel and Palestine since 1948.

This essay will focus on how theorists of peace and conflict have analysed the conflict in recent history. Especially, the peace process after the first Palestinian intifada and the 1993 Oslo-agreements will be analysed. In addition, this essay will shed light on the involvement of the United States in the

The Palestinians surprised the entire country by attacking on one of the holiest days of the year. In Jewish Tradition, Yom Kippur is the Day of Atonement. Everyone is commanded to fast and repent for their sins. Soldiers were fasting and everyone was in synagogue. The war lasted around 20 days, and afterwards the countries involved agreed to disengage, but this disengagement did not come without compromise. Israel agreed to withdraw from the Suez Canal, and Egypt agreed to limit its troops there as well. Egypt was given back the Sinai peninsula, and Egypt agreed to allow Israeli ships through the canal; The UN would mediate by using their troops to create a buffer zone. In the end, Israel gained peace with Egypt, but lost the land they had acquired less than a decade before. The biggest push toward peace that came out of this war is that “Egypt became the first Arab country to recognize Israel.”(Pro-con) The Jewish citizens were grateful that Israel had survived another war, but people were dying and war was occurring too often. No efforts have been made towards peace with the Palestinians, from 1948 to 1973, because Israel had been trying to survive one attack after another. They did not have time to negotiate. Throughout the next decade, Jordan struggled to supervise the West Bank, the Jordanian government risked being overthrown through a possible Intifada because of the absence of control over their territory.

The Middle East hosted many conflicts over the past century but the Israel and Palestine conflict has become one of the biggest. Following independence from Great Britain in 1947, Arabic and Israeli people were both promised an independent states. Unfortunately, after breaking up Palestine into borders, Israelis and Palestinians have been fighting ever since. Now that Israel owns a majority of Palestine, Palestinians have been kicked out with no place to go. As Palestinians fight back for a chance to get their territory back, Israel’s use of superior military force takes down Palestinian forces with ease. The latest incident involved the killing of three Israeli teenagers by the Hamas, an Islamic militant group, that have done a majority of the fighting with the Israeli military. Israel have responded by using airstrikes in Gaza, where the killing took place. Some Psychological terms that lead to this conflict are actor observer’s difference, conformity, and mirror image perception.

in mosques with social and welfare services, delivered through a network of clinics, schools, charities, drug treatment centers, and even sports clubs . However, since 1988, with the onset of the fist intifada, Hamas has followed an oscillatory pattern of violence and social charitable work. During the first and second intifada, Hamas inspired the greater Palestinian public to support violent means to incite change in the region. Conversely, during the Oslo peace process, when the majority of Palestinians did not condone the level of violence that was seen during the first intifada, Hamas dedicated more time towards their social roots, ultimately increasing their grassroots support. During these lulls in violence with Israel, Hamas successfully institutionalized Islamism in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. According to Sarah Roy, by 2000, 10 to 40 percent of all social institutions in the West Bank and Gaza were Islamic . Arguably, these expanded new areas of Islamic social

'For too long, the citizens of the Middle East have lived in the midst of death and fear. The hatred of a few holds the hopes of many hostage. The forces of extremism and terror are attempting to kill progress and peace by killing the innocent. And this casts a dark shadow over an entire region,' President George W. Bush in his June 24, 2002 address to the nation.

After more than 50 years of war, terrorism, peace negotiation and human suffering, Israel and Palestine remain as far from a peaceful settlement as ever. The entire Middle Eastern region remains a cauldron waiting to reach the boiling point, a potent mixture of religious extremism, (Jewish, Christian and Islamic), mixed with oil and munitions.