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How Is A Complex System Different From A Complicated System?

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ISAAC MATHEW PAVOODATH
USC ID 8834875144
SAE 549, MIDTERM EXAM
1) How is a complex system different from a complicated system? Give one example.
A complicated system is one in which the outcome or the result of the system is predictable. And where the properties of the system as a whole can be encompassed by considering the individual systems, e.g., airplane ( the engineers know what is the ultimate result of the system’s working) . On the other hand a
Complex system is one where we do not know what will be the outcome or final result of the system by studying the individual subsystems e.g., Internet .Also in a complicated system we can predict the behavior of the whole system from the behavior of the individual subsystems while this is not possible in a complex system.
2) How is testing a complex system different from testing a complicated or a simple system?
For the testing a complex system unlike a complicated system it cannot be broken down into smaller subsystems and then tested because the interactions between the subsystems are critical for the system as a whole. But in a complicated system the individual subsystems can be tested separately to understand the performance and properties of the whole system.
3) Can a system be both complicated and Complex .If yes, give an example.
Yes a system can be both complicated and complex, for example the internet Search Engines like
`Google’. It is complicated in the initial phase of searching process, when it does not have any

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