ISAAC MATHEW PAVOODATH
USC ID 8834875144
SAE 549, MIDTERM EXAM
1) How is a complex system different from a complicated system? Give one example.
A complicated system is one in which the outcome or the result of the system is predictable. And where the properties of the system as a whole can be encompassed by considering the individual systems, e.g., airplane ( the engineers know what is the ultimate result of the system’s working) . On the other hand a
Complex system is one where we do not know what will be the outcome or final result of the system by studying the individual subsystems e.g., Internet .Also in a complicated system we can predict the behavior of the whole system from the behavior of the individual subsystems while this is not possible in a complex system.
2) How is testing a complex system different from testing a complicated or a simple system?
For the testing a complex system unlike a complicated system it cannot be broken down into smaller subsystems and then tested because the interactions between the subsystems are critical for the system as a whole. But in a complicated system the individual subsystems can be tested separately to understand the performance and properties of the whole system.
3) Can a system be both complicated and Complex .If yes, give an example.
Yes a system can be both complicated and complex, for example the internet Search Engines like
`Google’. It is complicated in the initial phase of searching process, when it does not have any
A system is a set of interrelated parts. Systems theory assumes that a system must be understood as a whole, rather than in component parts. It is a way of looking at the world where all the objects are interrelated with one another. Many family systems are addressed in the movie Little Miss Sunshine.
A system is “A set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole” (robbins 2006), and Systems theory is the
the system will, on a large scale, form a network of independent components which ultimately
Testing is when you check for faults, take measures to check quality, look at reliability and look at the
In order for any organization to be successful, they must find effective ways to change systems and policies that are ineffective in creating a successful environment. A system consists of four things, elements, attributes, internal relationships, and the system environment. The systems theory is transdisciplinary study of the abstract organization of phenomena, independent of their substance, type, or spatial or temporal scale of existence (Heylighen & Joslyn, 1992). The study investigates all the principals common to all complex bodies, and the models which can be used to describe them. Von Bertalanffy (1971) was the creator of the “system” concept, he developed this idea as an answer to the limitations of individual disciplines in addressing complex social issues (Mitchell, 2005). The underlining principal of this theory is that an organization consists of multiple, interdependent parts that collectively form more than the sum of their parts. Developed from the systems theory, are three separate theories with the basis of each being the systems theory. The activity theory considers the entire program versus just one single sector, it sees the operation as a whole instead of sub departments, it combines both micro and macro elements of the organization. The chaos theory does not mean a chaotic hectic situation, rather a situation where there appears to be little to no order, there really is a hidden underlying order. The complexity theory is
One easily understandable example of an irreducibly complex system is a mousetrap. A typical mousetrap consists of five parts: a wooden base, a metal hammer, a spring, a catch that is sensitive to pressure, and a metal bar that holds the hammer back. In Darwin’s Black Box, Behe uses the mousetrap as an example of irreducible complexity because it is evident that all parts are necessary for the trap to function properly. The platform is necessary to hold all the other pieces together. Without the hammer the mouse would not be trapped, and without the spring the mouse could easily scurry away after the trap closed loosely. If your trap was missing the catch or the metal bar, the trap would snap shut long before any mouse appeared. Behe goes on to say that there are certainly other ways of catching a mouse, such as shooting
What we can squeeze out from our analysis to the (HIS) system is that, the system is
In the examples given above, two family systems exist. Both are considered to be open systems, however, one is more open than the other. Each system has a boundary which is open to some varying extent. This openness makes it possible for other systems and information to pass into and out of its system. Input from within a family or from other systems puts pressure on the family to make changes. Sometimes these changes are not wanted and disrupt the family dynamic.
In the end, each part would be subjected into multiple iterations and all these iterations will make a new module or will improve its existing module. This module would be integrated into a structure that would be tested at the end of the test cycle.
The concept I will be focusing on is System 1 vs System 2. In class we learned how different system 1 is from system 2. System 1 is fast and reactive process we have. This system is the usual automatic go to process. In this system is where stereotypes and assumptions are used. System 2 on the other hand is a more analytic process. This process is usually slower and has higher thinking approach. When one uses this system one begins to question the issue or problem and made come up with a better solution than system 1. This process is not automatic like system 1.
Systems tend to move from a simple form to a more complex form. This is known
Zadeh, L. (1973) Outline of a new approach to the analysis of complex systems and decision processesIEEE Trans.Systems, Man, andCybernetics, SMC-3, (1), pp. 28–44.
System development can generally be thought of having two major components: systems analysis and systems design. In System Analysis more emphasis is given to understanding the details of an existing system or a proposed one and then deciding whether the proposed system is desirable or not and whether the existing system needs improvements. Thus, system analysis is the process of investigating a system, identifying problems, and using the information to recommend improvements to the system. System design is the process of planning a new business system or one to replace or complement an existing system.
Complexity deals with multiple systems, various elements, under numerous conditions arising from different relationships. They’re difficult to understand & identify.
A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to perspective of the viewer of the system or Only the characteristics of the system that are essential to the problem being studied are modelled; minor or irrelevant details are ignored.