How Is Adrienne Rich Compulsory Able-Bodiedness?

Ableism has given people so many advantages that people take for granted. In an Exploring the Invisible Knapsack of the Able-Bodied Privilege, an essay written by May-Machunda, she discusses the ways the able-bodied people have major privileges that do not get unacknowledged by the dominate group. The dominant group is unaware of their privileges because they have never checked their own privileges. The able-body has to acknowledge the privileges they have to understand how life is not structured for every person. Ableism helps people understand the advantages of the able-body by observing how “able-body” privileges have offered many people benefits that people take for granted.

One of the main concepts of Northrop Frye is his theory of archetypes. This is a symbol, often an image that occur enough to be recognized as an element of experience. In literature, archetypes give useful lens to understanding some of the events and objects in literature that can be

Ableism within the Gay Male Community – “Muscle guys ONLY” All of these concepts of heterosexism, masculine gender performance, and racial identity can be tied back to the concept of compulsory able-bodiedness. In Compulsoy Able-Bodiedness and Queer/Disabled Existence, McRuer introduces the concept of compulsory able-bodiedness in tandem with Rich’s conception of compulsory heterosexuality, summing it up with: “Like compulsory heterosexuality, then, compulsory able-bodiedness functions by covering over, with the appearance of choice, a system in which there actually is no choice” (371). Instead of arguing these as separate points, however, McRuer goes on to explain how both compulsions work together to create this idea of what has been deemed

Will Kymlicka has considered the basic three such arguments. The first argument basically deals with the ‘gender-neutral’ on sexual discrimination. The second argument deals with public-private distinction. Both of these arguments claim essential aspects of liberal and democratic concept of justice that are generally male bias. On the other hand, the third argument claims that the very emphasis on justice is itself and everywhere reflective of a male bias, and that the theory which is responsive to interest and experiences of women will replace the emphasis on justice with an emphasis on caring. These all arguments carry an idea, which is limited to some extent, of the scope of recent feminist theory, but they raise some necessary issues which

The critical theory of gender revolves around the theory that the gender division is a social construct and that such division was constructed with the purpose to subjugate women in addition to other reasons. The critical gender theory is reflective of the social constructionist concept in which identity categories are

Affirmative Action Right? Affirmative action has been around for decades. Some believe it isn’t fair but others do. Those who believe and agree with affirmative action tend to say, “The principle of affirmative action is to promote societal equality through the preferential treatment of socioeconomically disadvantaged people” (Bidmead, Andrew pg 3). Others that disagree with it and find it unfair simply see it as another form of discrimination, giving one group extra advantages based upon nothing but their skin color (Cline, Austin pg 1). I believe that affirmative action is indeed fair because it gives minorities a better chance at having a successful career in their near future.

RESEARCH PAPER AFFIRMATIVE ACTION INTRODUCTION Affirmative Action is an employment legislation protection system that is intended to address the systemized discrimination faced by women and minorities. It achieves this by enforcing diversity through operational intrusions into recruitment, selection, and other personnel functions and practices in America. Originally, Affirmative Action arose because of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s desire to integrate society on educational, employment, and economic levels, yet it was John F. Kennedy who issued Executive Order 10925 to create the Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity, a commission that evolved into our modern Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

A peculiarity he mentions after explaining the search for a specific gender partner is how, in the South where he is, gay men tend to seek “masculine” partners, which defeats the idea of gender roles in same-sex relationships. The concept of gender is defined as “the identity and roles associated with, and/or appropriated by specific persons, regardless of their biological sex,” (Rich, 2016). While the concept is different across cultures and time, a constant happens to be the grouping and automatic attribution of roles based on a person’s biological sex. The author challenges the idea of gender roles associated with biological sex, however, saying that these men in the South tend to seek boyfriends who are sporty and have other classic masculine characteristics. Mays comments that there are few actions or characteristics that can be classified as gender neutral as these can be in present-day society. Thus, in their case, if both partners will exhibit these masculine qualities, they will both, in turn, be forced to take up women’s roles to live normal lives, for example cooking and cleaning, which would lead to the canceling out of masculine or feminine qualities.

Affirmative Action Generations of families have suffered due unequal laws or prejudices set in place to prevent minorities from growing. Slavery, segregation, separate but equal laws, the trail of tears, failing ESOL classes, unequal pay and so much more effect today's youth and causing history to change slowly if at all. Affirmative action has good intentions and is very much needed in today's world however it sometimes fails doing what it was created to do.

A privilege is any unearned advantage available to a particular person or group of people. As McIntosh had described, privileges are invisible, weightless knapsacks containing special provisions, maps and passports (White Privilege). The privileged rarely see themselves as the oppressor, but instead take the majority of their rights for granted, which protects them from many kinds of hostility, distress, and violence. In the following paper, I describe the hardships associated with disability and homosexuality through the perspective of Connie Panzarino, as portrayed in her memoir The Me In The Mirror. I will then relate her experiences to class readings and describe how able-bodied and heterosexual privileges are threats to those who do not fit into either category.

Monique Wittig in her article, “One is not born a woman”, states that there is no “natural woman”, and that the idea of a woman and feminity is created by the society in relationship to the “man.” She argues that since lesbians are outside the heterosexual normativity, and a lesbian

Affirmative Action is over used because everyone knows that people come from many different backgrounds. Some are good, but yet some are bad. Affirmative Action is over used because there are some people that it benefits, but they don’t actually need it. Especially since some of the people it benefits are raised up in healthy, and well established homes. “You know, I love all kinds of activism. I certainly think blacks deserve to have something whether it is affirmative action or an opportunity that should be opened up to them. But at the same time I believe that people of color are not the only poor people in America and all over the world.” (Russel Simmons) Affirmative Action says that it will benefit anyone who tends to suffer from

In the world we live in we are constantly being categorized either by gender or economic class within the many areas. If you chose not to be a male or a female you are categorized as androgynous. “People who identify as pangender or androgynous may consider them as having flexibility and adaptability with a combination of both male and female traits. Gender questioning individuals are uncertain as to where they fall relative to gender” (Crooks & Baur, 2016, p.135). A perfect example is our social security number; this “legal” number is how the government could identify us. Being categorized by gender terms could be difficult depending on the situation, now a day most people are comfortable with the idea what woman are very efficient. However,

With the debate over gender roles comes an ideal, in respects to how gender should be view, gender fluidity. Rather than limiting people to decide between two “radically” different genders, man or woman, gender fluidity intends to give people the chance to meet in the whatever percentage of man or woman they desire to be identified as. In essence, gender can be viewed as a spectrum, which a person can fluctuate within. Gender can be influenced by external factors Gender fluidity supporters also call into question the reasoning behind society’s coercion of specific gender roles. Taking into account all these traits, I believe that I am not wrong in claiming the gender fluidity supporters as people that strive for the assimilationist ideal type of society. Perhaps this “ideal” society, filled with assimilationists, could occur thanks to the gender fluidity community. However the idea gender fluidity is highly fallible and supports my belief that the assimilationists ideal is

Adrienne Rich also speak compulsory heterosexuality in her work, Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence. Compulsory heterosexuality as discussed by Rich is how we view heterosexuality as a part of institution of capitalism that maintains power through the ideas of heterosexuality being acceptable to society and how we do not allow for differences in the binary system. As Rich states, “the failure to examine heterosexuality as an institution is like failing to admit that the economic system called capitalism or the caste system of racism is maintained by a variety of forces, including both physical violence and false consciousness” (Rich, 135). Meaning that we understand how heterosexuality is maintained by our capitalism system just as we understand oppression of classism, racism, and gender differences. Heterosexuality becomes institutionalized by maintaining through the normalization of forcing us to believe in the capitalism