How John Snow Tested The Water Supply At Broad Street Essay

The work of these two men changed the contemporary views on how disease was spread. By solving the cholera mystery, they helped contribute to making the world safe for bigger cities. Over the next few years a lot of changes were made. Both the medical and public health establishments latched onto Snow’s waterborne theory and through one of the greatest feats in engineering history, London started the process of making an entirely new sewer system. This, along with other precautions such as boiling water that was suspected to be contaminated, brought an end to city-wide choleric outbreaks. Besides the improvements in sewage, the improvements of sanitary conditions all around greatly diminished the spread of disease and held a major part in making the modern city possible. Overall, it turned out that something that was once horrendous and deadly for a massive amount of people, eventually turned out to be helpful for the future of mankind. (Johnson)

Everything that is known was once unknown. In John M. Barry’s book, The Great Influenza, he effectively asserts this belief with the use allusions and a paradox to characterize scientific research as embracing uncertainty to make the unknown known.

John Snow born on the 15th March 1813 – 16th June 1858 grew up in the poorest region of York and subsequently specialised his life establishing the link between the cholera infection he had first encountered in 1831 in Newcastle and water as its vector. Snow’s most famous attribute was his research relating to the cholera outbreak in the London Epidemic of 1854. ‘On proceeding to the spot, I found that nearly all the deaths had taken place within a short distance of the [Broad Street] pump. There were only ten deaths in houses situated decidedly nearer to another street-pump. In five of these cases the families of the deceased persons informed me that they always sent to the pump in Broad Street, as they preferred the water to

John Snow actually lived near Soho district, and when the cholera outbreak happened, he immediately

He linked the common illness cholera to people whom drank from the wells. He observed those getting ill and which areas and pumps they drank from and recorded it on a map, he was then able to establish all those getting ill were in fact drinking from the same pump, and consequently in 1854 John Snow removed the handle of the Broad Street pump and ceased the epidemic of Cholera in Soho, London

The Colorado River is shared by several states due to the large capacity of water that it holds and its proximity. These states include California, Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah and Wyoming. The Colorado water compact is a 1922 agreement that was signed by seven states within the US to govern the sharing or water resources along the Colorado River. Since the development of the compact, California has been the most disadvantaged state since it uses water that has been already used up by other states. Before the compact, most of the states that use the water were in conflict due to the unfair allocation of the water resources. The allocation led to the development of the upper and the lower basin with the division point at the Lee Ferry. Some of the states got more allocation than the others while some did not get any fresh water (Sally, 2012). The Colorado water compact is ruled by many contracts and rulings that were signed by the states that use the water.

Since the 17th century, the scientific method has served as a memorable procedure for its ability to characterize aspects of natural science. Its reliance on sense and reason allowed it to become the backbone of research for scientists, meant to make the unknown into something better understood and explored. Even still, this tried and true method cannot be deemed completely concrete. In his passage from The Great Influenza, John M. Barry utilizes various rhetorical devices in his process of characterizing scientific research, to demonstrate the similarities between scientists and the early pioneers.

The data from the TDS analysis (table 2) show that tap water Mifflin hall, well water Wyckoff and stream water Raleigh has a higher amount of total dissolved solid compared to tap water Harleysville and Tap water Yosemite that have a low amount of total dissolved solid. From these observations, we can conclude that tap water Harleysville and tap water are softer than Yosemite tap water Mifflin Hall, well water Wyckoff and stream Water Raleigh.

The hygiene movement helped in the avoidance of communicable diseases, diseases for example cholera, tuberculosis and water illnesses in large part by modifying the people surroundings. In the 1850s, John Snow assisted in recognized the importance in data collection and documentation. His actions terminated an outbreak of cholera in a district of London. Using the same methodology Ignaz Semmelweis, applied it to restraint fever of childbirth a major source of maternal mortality. The reason that this was happening was that after physicians worked on the death bodies, usually they did not wash their and delivered babies and contaminating both, the mother and the baby.

Snow’s putting himself in a dangerous environment helped not only his Ghost Map, but also his case for showing great persistence. Another example of John’s persistence occurrs when he fails to convince the medical community of his Cholera theory the first time he presents it. “After his first publications at the end of the 1840’s had failed to persuade the medical authorities of his waterborne theory, Snow had continued looking for evidence supporting this theory.” (100) This quote shows John Snow’s persistence because of how he did not give up after an initial failure to convince people. He instead goes on and complies more evidence and works even harder, and even more persistently. Persistence means not changing your course of action because of setbacks; and John Snow showed this through not giving up after initial inconclusive tests and performing dangerous field

Determined journalists, travelers, and people of other professions believe in exploring the natural world, conducting research, and performing experimental errors. Scientists, especially, will often embrace their passions with certainty that they will discover something worthwhile, ignoring the challenges they may come across. In “The Great Influenza” by John M. Barry, he describes these scientists with the utmost respect. Barry characterizes scientific research as a devoted activity where it is crucial to embrace uncertainty in order to yield solutions; this outlook is seen through his subtle figurative language, specifically, allusions along with the direct characterization of the qualities that successful scientists must hold, and comparisons.

Preliminary Thesis: Edward Jenner’s discovery of the smallpox vaccination demonstrated that the vaccine would protect against smallpox where no disease would develop, which prompted the World Health Organization to begin the process of worldwide eradication of smallpox.

Another point I agree with is Cotton Mather, he had a theory buy doing research and taking notes from other areas to see how they handle smallpox, he found a control way to controlling smallpox.

Edward Jenner was an english Physician and Scientist who developed the very first vaccine, the smallpox vaccine. He is known to be the “The Father of Immunology” and the pioneer of the smallpox vaccine.

There is a balloon the shape and size of a beach ball. A string keeps it tethered to the ground. Someone in a white lab coat stands about eight feet away with a rod about as