How Language Forms Are Used On Everyday Social Situations

Pragmatics is the area of language function that embraces the use of language in social contexts (knowing what to say, how to say it, and when to say it - and how to "be" with other people). Children with pragmatic difficulties have great trouble using language socially in ways that are appropriate or

In the novel Speak, the author uses the protagonist, Melinda, to teach the reader the importance of verbal expression. Melinda refuses to speak up about an event that occurred in her life; therefore her classmates cannot show empathy towards her. Melinda never spoke up about why she did what she had done during an event in her life, so people judge and bully Melinda for her decisions. Melinda’s silence slowly erodes her self esteem and leaves her alone to handle her depressive behavior and decisions.

The second major theoretical theory discussed, responsiveness and pragmatics, discusses how secondary intersubjectivity is how infants are learning about language and how it is a tool and is “a sense,” which they come to realize from daily interactions with the people around them. As we learned in class, “pragmatic development occurs in conjunction with social development” and as the article states, language is what allows infants to know when, to whom, and under what conditions to speck, which concludes that the more responsive parent will allow their child to become more aware of the

1. What does your word choice say about you? What if you did not say anything? These are some of the questions that I can help you answer by the end of your reading. In this paper, I will cover how Americans communicate verbally, nonverbally, and whether we use direct or indirect communication in our American culture. While understanding the topics that we will go over in this paper, it is imperative that we begin with the most familiar methods that we as Americans use daily, verbal and nonverbal communications.

Communication plays a key role in any organization, and the importance of both channels i.e. formal and informal communication cannot be undermined. As an organisation grows in terms of size and function, an immediate increase is experienced in the chain of command prevalent in the organisation. In most cases, the chain of command flows from the upper level to the lower level, creating a high power distance. When an information is dispatched within an organization from top to bottom it may lead to a loss or dilution of information in the process of transmission, this loss of information leads to the development of vulnerability and ambiguity within the organization which in turn leads to the development of an informal communication network called as 'Grapevine'. Grapevine or informal communication network is present in all organizations as it is a natural consequence of people interacting. Grapevine gives the people a platform to socialize and communicate their thoughts and ideas in an informal fashion. Informal communication tends to spread in all the directions, it may travel upwards, downwards and diagonally, spreading throughout the organizational across all levels inconsistently sometimes more rapidly than formal communication channels. The grapevine is an outcome of social contacts and is therefore unpredictable,

There are many important and significant factors in a human being’s life. Without those elements, life stays incomplete. For instance, food, recreation, hobby, fun, and emotions are fundamentals of a normal life. One of those elements is every day talk. Everyday talk is the process in which people interact with each other and communicate their points of views (Tedpower, n.d.). This is a way for them to stay in contact with each other. This is important because human beings cannot live alone. They are social animals by the nature, which means at every point of their lives they need someone to talk to or communicate. If a person stays alone for a long time, he starts being depressed and frustrated which can lead to many odd behavioral traits. People who talk to each other or have a decent conversation with each other can be friends, family, colleagues, siblings, sub-ordinates, employers, or strangers.

gestures and context from the exchanges. “Pragmatists focus on what is not explicitly stated and on how

According to Schmitt (2010), there are two approaches of pragmatics, a cognitive or psychological approach which is exploring the relation between linguistic meaning of utterances, the decontextualized, what speakers mean by their utterances on a particular situation and how hearer interpret those utterances on those particular situations. Cognitive approach was developed by philosophers Austin, Searle, and Grice. On the other hand, social pragmatics approach which focuses on the communicative exchanges between individuals in social, cultural and other contextual factors. Brown and Levinson (1978 - 1987) introduced face model of politeness to this approach.

Social interactions influence our relationships and how people view one another. An interaction can be verbal or non-verbal, but still can connect or separate two people. Three articles discuss different forms of social interactions and how they affect varied types of relationships.

All humans use a language to communicate with other humans. Overtime the human bodies have been modified to accommodate language. The human body uses 6 organs to accomplish language. The 6 organs are the lungs, vocal cords, tongue, teeth, lips and nose. Although these 6 organs main functions are eating and breathing, they have been modified over time to help exercise humans control during speech production. Linguistics is the study of how language works. Language changes over time to fit the current population. Creativity is a must in language because it gives us the freedom to produce and understand new words and sentences as the need arises. However, there are boundaries within which innovation can occur. The human language is very complex

The article is a study performed by Catherine Adams and Julianne Lloyd on the effects of therapy on mainstream school children with pragmatic language impairment, often abbreviated PLI. Pragmatics is the social language skills used in daily communications with others which include; what is said, how it is said, and with body language. The study was done on six male children with a mean age 7; 12 years (range = 5; 11 to 9; 9). The study aimed to determine the effects of intervention through a set of tests, some standardized, on mainstream school children with PLI and see the effects. Teachers and parent’s perspectives were given after the tests to review the effectiveness of the interventions.

Texting is a fairly new form of communication that has taken the world by storm. It became popular around 2001, and originally had its limitations, such as the 160-character limit. But now that technology has advanced, texting has followed along and is now a convenient, casual, and a more immediate way of communicating. So naturally, texting has evolved also in terms of the language used within it. We see this mostly in the form of abbreviations and short hand spelled words. Some people argue that texting has ruined the English language. Studies and observations have shown that the benefits of texting and cyber speak are much more broad then expected. Textisms have been shown to increase phonology skills, brain activity, creativity and provide a relatable outlet for students in education.

Language is a core and critical component in interpersonal relationships. Therefore, it makes sense that research is starting to reveal the specific ways individuals communicate can have a great impact in how well two people get along, how well two people like each other, and how similar those two people are in other ways. The Bower (n.d.) article shows that specific words, such as pronouns, can be the key to determining conversational alignment. The pronouns people use when speaking or writing indicate how much the person is other-centered versus self-centered. The so-called "function words" are important because they "tap into verbal coordination between two people because these words are independent of conversation topics and require shared knowledge to be used effectively," (Bower 2). It is for this reason that people from two completely different ethnic backgrounds, or people with entirely different careers or political views can share lives and get along.

How language is used to communicate depends on the social context it functions within. Language can be used to convey and make meaning from the semiotic system of spoken and written communication (Fellowes & Oakley, 2014, p. 19). Language has multiple functions, to convey feelings, wants or needs, or to argue a point of view (Halliday, 1975, p. 19). Each function utilises different vocabularies and tones for the situational need. For instance, when persuasively arguing a point a louder, more confident tone might be used, partnered with intense eye contact, formal vocabulary and bold hand gestures (Fellowes & Oakley, 2014, p. 18). The intended function partly influences how a person uses language, with another influential factor being the social situation in which language is functioning. In a social situation, a person determines the vocabulary and tone that will be most effective for their intention in that situation, however, as the situation changes, those decisions must be rapidly ready to change if needed (Winch, 2014, p. XXXVI). A person in a business meeting will use formal vocabulary and tone in comparison to a person out with friends, who will likely use informal tone and colloquial vocabulary. In either situation, if the vocabulary and tone do not suit the social context, successful functioning within that situation is compromised, and a person considered out of place in that context.

Through looking at patterns of social interaction of different languages it is easy to predict the linguistic results of language contact. This could be seen through multilingualism which is a result of language contact between multiple different languages. Multilingualism can create diglossia which helps display the multilingualism of a country or community and helps show it is useful for predicting the results of language contact. Code switching in which people switch from one language to another depending on the situation, helps show how social interaction between speakers of different languages helps us predict the linguistic results of language contact. Then there is dialect levelling and language change which helps show the beginning